Mumbai Slums Essay

An earthquake occurs when there is a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust that causes seismic waves. Earthquakes are typically caused by opening of geological faults. They are however also caused by volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear experiments. The effects of earthquakes are many and far reaching. Earthquakes cause shaking and ground ruptures which result in less or sometimes more severe damage to buildings or other rigid structures. Earthquakes also results in landslides and avalanches, which sometimes causes damage in hilly and mountain areas. After an earthquake, the place can catch fire by breaking of the electrical power or gas lines. Because of the shaking, sometimes the soil liquefies, the loose saturated cohesion less soil loses its strength and temporarily transforms from a solid to a liquid state. Soil liquefaction causes firm structures like buildings and bridges to slant or sink into a liquefied state. Earthquakes result in loss of life, damage to property, fatal diseases, lack of basic necessities and it affects the financial and economical structure of the country. Some safety measures are used so that the government, individual and businesses can prepare themselves against this calamity. To reduce the damage, retrofitting techniques and modern earthquake resistant designs of new buildings and lifeline structures like bridges, hospitals and power plants are used in earthquake prone areas. The emergency services under the local and state government ensure that the public is safe by dealing with the crisis. Individuals and businesses are encouraged by governments to have an earthquake kit and supplies for three days at hand. As a result of an increase of the number of seismic stations today, the earthquakes are reported more than in the past, which help in the preparation process. Slums in Mumbai Slums always existed in Mumbai. In 19th century, slums grew around mills and other places of employment. Now they grow where ever there is empty space. Slum dwellers today cover 60% of Mumbai’s population. The government tried to rectify the problem in 1985 by passing the Slum Upgradation Project. Regrettable the project targeted only 10-12% of the slum population, those who were able to of upgrade their homes. It ignored inhabitants in slums, those who did not have homes at all. In spite of all the attempts to cure the problem of slums in Mumbai, slums are still growing. The growth rate of slums is actually greater than the growth rate of general urban. It is estimated that everyday 100 to 300 new families come to Mumbai. Most of them end up in a slum colony or just put up a shanty on the on the footpath. Due to migration, the city’s population is increasing and with it the slums. These facts show that migration has to stop to cure the problem of slums. According to Professor RN Sharma, (the head of the Urban Studies Unit in Tata Institute of Social Sciences), Mumbai, the city is unquestionably disintegrating into slums. A Jockin of SPARC, (the NGO that works for slums) said that the rehabilitation process is the only solution to the problem of slums in Mumbai. He said: â€Å"This talk about Mumbai having predominantly slums is rubbish. Already 67 per cent of slums on railway land have been re-settled. The airport project and the rehabilitation near Mithi River is also happening at a good pace. These figures of slum population rising is not true†. Former housing minister Nawab Mallik also agreed that rehabilitation is a best way to get rid of slums. References: Earthquake. (2007, November 4). Retrieved November 5, 2007 from World Wide Web: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Earthquake Juneja, Saakshi. (2006, January 9). Mumbai Slums. Retrieved November 5, 2007 from the World Wide Web: http://mumbai. metblogs. com/archives/2006/01/mumbai_slums. phtml Slums. Retrieved November 5, 2007 from the World Wide Web: http://www. macalester. edu/courses/GEOG61/espencer/slums. html Slums: The Magnitude of the Problem. Retrieved November 5, 2007 from World Wide Web: http://theory. tifr. res. in/bombay/amenities/housing/slum-stats. html

Discussion Forum for Nursing Leadership Course

Managers over the years yearn for the best managerial style there is in accordance with the kind of leadership that organization necessitate with. A managerial style needs to examine the influence of other important variables (ward philosophy, leadership style, intra- and inter-professional working, staffing levels and skill mix) which could have been as important as the nursing system in affecting performance.Continuity of care, responsibility and accountability are among the virtues required for every leader so as to maintain a strong disposition in a group and at the same time create a harmonious relationship with the rest of the members. As for this case, the organization’s goal is toward productivity—therefore the group needs a foundation of values and task descriptions that will keep the members informed on the tasks at hand (Meredith & Jr. , 2008).Directive autocratic form of leadership would be most appropriate. In essence, the leader should be intellectually eq uipped and experience-ready since nursing programs are typically run through a set of standards. The very fact that such kinds of practitioners are dealing with health, or most importantly the lives of their patients, it is only but fitting for the leader to be composed, systematic and organized especially when it comes to delegation and on meeting deadlines or time-frames. AnalysisFor example, as for instances wherein the organization is one point or another required to work with a partnership, the leader should anticipate possible discrepancies in terms of production so as to preempt the occurrence of one or, at the least, allot enough time for the partnership to address or to be able to resolve the impending crisis as soon as possible. Internal problems can be resolved through the early exposition of predicted problems thereby creating enough time between the occurrence of the predicted problem and the current timeframe.This expanse of time should be used in order to formulate se ts of solutions as early as time permits. , when the partnership is faced with drawbacks from either sides, it should be the case that both should not leave-out the other party and, instead, provide substantial assistance in order to uplift the business relationship and lessen the impact of the problem to both organizations concerned. Conclusion As a matter of fact, managers can empower others through a variety of ways.These ways include granting subordinates with technical skills acquired through skills-enhancing tasks or through educational discussion, or by delegating to the employees special or non-conventional aptitude or competence by involving these people on duties that are beyond their working status quo. Managers can also empower not only their subordinates or employees but also those who belong to the higher or superior ranks.Supervisors or office executives can be further empowered by the manager by providing critical insights and ideas that are fresh and go beyond the u sual habit of mere task accomplishment. Those in the upper positions can obtain empowerment when the manager exposes these individuals to the recent developments within the firm or company either through status reports or through corporate discussions, thereby providing them new information that grants them the capacity to craft new business policies. Discussion Forum for Nursing Leadership Course A nurse manager’s role is one of leadership. A person would therefore require excellent communication skills with people of all ages, genders and races. The nurse manger role requires a lot of responsibility and one must be able to accept this challenge and all the duties and responsibilities that are allocated with this skilled and professional line of work. Your nurse manager role would be to oversee that all duties and work responsibilities in a particular unit are done in accordance with the organization’s vision and mission statement.As a nurse manager, you must be a reliable person, the organization would require that you live up to their needs and expectations and portray that for which they stand. Nurse Manager’s roles also involve the building of team leadership. Nurses within a particular unit should be able to work well together as a team and form a uniform whole; this will ensure the success of a nursing unit. In the given situation, the nurse manager should be able to resolve the problem wherein she will not be put into a situation that will affect on her credibility as a professional.Whoever is under her authority, may it be a family or a friend, there is no excuse to disregarding her responsibilities as manager. The success of her leadership will depend on how she will handle the circumstances that comes her way. Within a position of authority, one should live and represent the organization for what it stands; this includes the ethics it follows and type of service it offers. Communication is a key tool that health care professionals must use to elicit cooperation among individuals in the delivery of health care services.Communication among health professionals can: increase awareness of a health issue, problem, or solution; affect attitudes to create support for individual or collective action; demonstrate or illustrate skills; increase demand for health services; inform or reinforce knowledge, attitudes, or behavior. Health care institutions include many interacting groups: staff with staff, staff with patients, and staff with families and visitors, staff with physicians etc.These interactions frequently lead to conflict. In which the manager is faced on with the complaints against Mary’s performance in their unit. Conflict is defined as an acknowledged struggle from differences in ideas, values, actions or feelings resulting in increased stress levels between two groups or two people. Usually, conflict is handled in one of five ways: reflecting differing degrees of aggressive, assertive, or passive, and cooperative or competitive behavior.There are a lot of strategies to approach conflicts. In the case of Mary, the manager should employ the Collaboration approach which implies a mutual attention to the problem that utilizes the talents of all parties. In collaboration, the focus is on solving the problem, not defeating the opponent; the goal is to satisfy both parties’ concerns. It is ap propriate for the manager to bring clashing groups together to mediate.Before coming together for mediation, everyone in the groups needs to agree on the following: to get together to work on problems; that there are problems that can be solved; that all individuals have some responsibility for working toward solving the problems; that they are not expected to like one another at the conclusion but to understand one another better and be able to work together; that they are not expected to place blame on someone for the problem, but are expected to consider differences and come to a consensus about solutions(Hartley.  2007).Coaching is an effective way to help staff identify and meet professional goals. The goal of nurse manager coaching is to make nurses responsible for their actions and redirect any resistance by determining goals, purpose, and vision (Powell, 2001). In this manner, Mary will realize that there is a problem that needs attention. And this way, too, everyone will be able to meet common goals and be successful in their endeavors.References The Healthcare performance Institute. (2006). Nurse Manager Role. Retrieved March 9, 2009, from http://www.healthcareperformanceinstitute.com/nurse-manager-role.jsp National Center of Continuing Educatuion, Inc. (2009). Communication Strategies. Retrieved March 9, 2009, from http://www.nursece.com/onlinecourses/3453.html CEUFast.com. (2007). Conflict Management. (2007). Retrieve March 9, 2009, from http://www.ceufast.com/courses/viewcourse.asp?id=91 Nurse.com. (2001). The Nurse Manager as Coach. (2001, July 2). Retrieved March 9, 2009, from http://include.nurse.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2001107020368

Evaluation of advertisement campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluation of advertisement campaign - Essay Example Interestingly, the overall mobile phone market is growing at a faster pace than predicted, which signifies the immense potentiality of the industry. So the big question revolves around this mammoth progress and whether it is triggered by product innovation only or any other factors that had led to this colossal growth and development of the industry (Campbell, 2009). On deeper analysis, it has been observed that the role of advertisement is paramount in the development. One of the key trends of this industry is that companies invest large sums of money to create awareness about their products and services and these investments pay off to a great extent (Clifton, 2012). The market size of this industry is so large that almost every player has space for themselves. However, a company with better advertisement strategy and campaign experiences greater success. Thus, the impact of advertisement on the growth of mobile phone industry is clearly visible (Adler, 2010). In this report, the i mpact of advertisement on the growth and development of a product will be addressed. However, the study will not be accomplished in the usual way like, industry analysis, which identifies the way or the extent to which advertising plays an effective role. Rather the study will select an advertising campaign of a company belonging to the mobile phone industry. In this context, the advertising campaign by Samsung will be chosen and the same will be evaluated. Campaign Strategy/ Rationale Advertising is a necessary activity to all businesses for the sole purpose of generating awareness about the products and services and at the same time, influencing the target customers to buy the product. It is impossible to sell a product without letting the customers know about it (Aarika-Stenroos and Sandberg, 2012). Thus, advertising is dubbed as a tool that helps to draw attention of the consumers towards the products or services of the company. Advertisement campaigns can be carried out through various mediums such as, television, radio, social media or any other traditional forms. Usually, a company targets several groups of customer on the bases of the product characteristics and consumer requirements and as a result of that, the company makes use of more than one channel so as to ensure that the messages of the company reach every target audience. Several scholars have even emphasized on the fact that advertising campaigns are the means that help a company to sustain in the marketplace (Alle, 2000; Amit and Zott, 2001). Furthermore, echoing the same statement, another set of industry experts and academicians have pointed out that advertising campaigns along with product promotion also greatly helps in understanding the requirements of the consumers as well as the sort of prices that the customers are willing to pay for the ownership of a particular product. Advertisement campaigns also play indispensable roles in updating the consumers about the new developments and pr oduct launches (Ballon, 2007). Hence, it creates customer loyalty that in turn brings sustainable competitive advantage for the firm. However, one of the key aspects of companies, undertaking advertisement campaigns, is that each campaign has a particular rationale i.e. advertisement campaigns are designed in such a manner that it succeeds to fulfil one of the crucial objectives of the firm

Designing a Baseline Occupational Health Survey Case Study

Designing a Baseline Occupational Health Survey - Case Study Example At this point, the employees will be shown how to use and place the cyclone during sampling. The sampling will also include the attachment of a personal sampling pump, which is attached on the employee’s belt while the employee’s collar has an assembly of a cassette and cyclone (Nevada Mining Association, 2008). While attaching this assembly, it is crucial to ensure that the assembly was within the employee’s breathing space in order to enhance the success of the sampling. In addition, the employee should ensure that they wore the equipment throughout their shift. Moreover, it is important for the technicians, in the sites where the sampling is occurring, to check on the sample during sampling after every few hours to ensure that the sampling process was successful. After completing the sampling process, the next step will involve the collection of the sample-train with the recording of sample run-time taking place after the collection. Then, there will be a performance of a post sampling calibration with the removal of the cassette from the cyclone in order to preserve it for use in the future. Following this, the samples will be sent to an IH-Accredited laboratory for analysis. The lab will then proceed to carry out NIOSH 0600 for dust analysis and NIOSH 7500 for silica analysis. It is crucial to carry out these two analyses to compare them to TLV as defined by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). The MSHA’s Threshold Limit Value (TLV) determines the amount of silica in the dust and thus defines the exposure levels of the employees (Cash, n.d.). The content of an Occupation medical surveillance program begins with hazard assessment. The next step will determine the eligibility of the employees in the medical surveillance following the Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards since the surveillance involves silica dust, which is a

Retail Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Retail Marketing - Essay Example Marketing dictates the ability of a retail company to grow. The concern of this paper is to investigate the retail marketing of A&F by evaluating the following areas merchandise range and assortment, marketing communication, store layout, design and visual merchandising, customer, and retail mix among other aspects that have led to the growth of the retail company. Merchandise Range and Assortment A&F began its clothing retail by concentrating on clothes for age range 18 to 22, today the trend has changed and the retail company has brought a wide range of merchandise products in its stores (Funding Universe. 2012:1). The stores in Warwick United Kingdom do not only address the needs of the above age range, but also have brought products for other age ranges. The company retail history reveals that the merchandise stores of the company started with attires geared for sporting adventures, and fishing adventures. The company credits its merchandise ideas to the early ventures in all sta ffs required for sporting for the above age range. The focus of the retail company today promotes the American wear, which includes underwear, jackets, swimming shorts, vintage polos, and T-shirts (Funding Universe, 2012:1). Other assortments include shirts and sweaters, pajamas, scarves, belts and other assortments, which are styled with the American fashion. A&F has recognised the need to create stylish apparels, which can attract the young age as well as the middle and old age (Hephaestus Books, 2011:120). The assortment for women and men come in different styles. For instance, shirts have various sleeves techniques; some are short, long, curling, or sleeveless. The range also caters for women needs by capturing the stylish pattern demanded by women in response to fashion trend. The retail company has noted difference in response characteristics, which influences its merchandise range (Funding Universe. 2012:1). For example, assortment for belts provides a wide range of styles, w hich depend on colour, mood that the intended consumer wishes to portray in the society. Sports gear reflects that the society is in the sports moods while swim costumes illustrate swimming mood. For examples, some belts are slim with big buckles while others have stylish buckles, which suit the diverse needs of the consumer. It is important to note the customer behaviour for the targeted merchandise planning. Market analysts believe that merchandise assortment must target a given target population if the retail business intends to succeed (Dunne, et.al. 2010:129). A&F have applied the same argument to locate is stores targeting specific consumers. Beauty is a factor of concern for the store because the target age bracket 18 to 22 has many expectations in life. The dream of their world differs from the views of the old age. For examples, dressing crazy or the American wear fashion speaks of the great adventures that the age range seeks to display in the society. Shapes are crucial t o the merchandising range for this store. The retail has provision for slender or slim to heavy built bodies. Some people like free fitting apparel while others like tight fitting clothes. The brand category offered in the store does not only favour the immediate age but also targets to influence other range. For example, the idea of brand variety offers a wide opportunity for the consumers to choose. A single, brand limits consumers from choosing the products, which the stores has. Studies have

History of the English Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History of the English Language - Essay Example did not take place overnight since the language developed over hundreds of years with influences from many different languages therefore it has interesting origins. The English language began to form with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain in the fourth century. The three tribes were the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes and came from the northern areas of Germany. The Celtic language speakers of Britain were repelled by the invaders to areas of Wales and Scotland (Wells, 1982). At the same time, the language of the Angles tribe became the predominant language of the region from which the words England and English are taken (English Club, 2006). The language developed into what we know as ‘Old English’. This language would be difficult if not impossible for us to understand since there would be many more modifications to the language before it would develop into modern English. Even so, many of the words we use in English today have their roots in Old English. For instance words like Strong and Water come from Old English even though they are in common use today (Wells, 1982). In 1066, the same tribes were conquered by William the Conqueror who came from the area of Normandy which is in modern day France. He and his forces spoke a version of French which was used in the royal court while the lower classes spoke English with a mixture of French words. This version of English came to be known as Middle English and was used by Chaucer to write his Canterbury tales. It is difficult for modern speakers of English to understand or read this language but it does show how French words came to be accepted in English use (English Club, 2006). Modern English as we see it today has two distinct periods of development, the first is the early period which lasted from 1500-1800 where changes were made in pronunciation, character use and many more words were added to English. With the coming of the Renaissance, words from classical languages found

Why did UPS make a deal with Clean Energy Research Paper

Why did UPS make a deal with Clean Energy - Research Paper Example The best supplier the company found was Clean Energy Fuel Corporation. UPS and Clean Energy Fuels sign a seven year contract to supply UPS with all the natural gas it needs for its fleet. One of the advantages of the deal was that Clean Energy Fuels was going to design, build, and operate a natural gas fueling station to be used by the UPS fleet (Oc180news, 2011). UPS was very motivated by the deal due to the fact that the deal enabled the company to comply with its strategic goal of reducing its carbon footprint and dependence on petroleum. Another advantage of this eco-friendly fleet is that it reduces maintenance and operating costs. The strategy can be used by the company to improve its public relations. One of the expectations of the shareholders and other stakeholders of the company is for UPS to become an environmentally friendly company. The emissions released by vehicles that utilized gasoline is one of the major causes for air pollution and global warming. This project can be utilized as a test run to determine if the company should continue to switch its fleet of trucks to more eco-friendly vehicles such as trucks powered by natural gas. Clean Energy Fuels benefited a lot by the deal evidenced by the fact that the price of its common rose by 10.1% after the deal was announced (Casacchia, 2011).

Legal issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Legal issues - Essay Example Secondly, a punishment may be imposed to an employee in case they use abusive language at work sites. The person should be proved guilty to deserve the punishment before any punishment is imposed to the employee (Deipo & Guerin, 2011). There are different kinds of discipline imposed to the employee depending on the mistake done. Suspension is one of the kinds of discipline imposed to the employee. This is a temporary or an immediate removal of an employee from the work place with no pay as a consequence of the wrong done. The nature of misconduct should be included on the notice of suspension (Caisley, 2008). Secondly, a financial penalty may be used if gotten preferably. This type of penalty is appropriate in a situation involving isolated post where scheduling suspension and replacement of an employee may be difficult. The nature of misconduct should also be outlined in the notice without any correction (Davies, 2011). In conclusion, discipline is essential in any working environment. It shapes the working ethics of the organization leading to success. That is why various punishments are imposed to violators of the

Applied Experience Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Applied Experience - Term Paper Example They also discover various aspects of people feeling certain response on a particular issue (Brittany, 2010). The learning from different aspects of psychology has had a deep impact on my life. Due to my education in this field, I have developed a better understanding of people and scenarios at every stage of life. To explore the different dimensions of the psychology and their application in the real life, I have participated in group psychotherapy of the adolescents, who had been displaying aggressive attitude in their everyday life. Since group therapy is about making people understand that they are not the only one who is suffering from the same circumstances, there are other people as well who are also going through same circumstances (DRB Alternatives. Inc, 2010). Group therapy is successful because the members of the groups share personal issues that they are facing (Weinberg, 2000). In a group therapy, people interact with individuals who are in either a state of emotion, or ahead, or those people who have recovered from their problem. Through this, the members of the group become a source of support and strength for each other. Moreover, because of their common experience, the participants understand each other’s situation, and therefore, they can develop a better relationship with each other. Psychotherapy In the setting that I experienced, there were altogether six adolescents and the therapist. The issue that they had on hand to deal with was increased aggression in their personalities. All these children had complained that against their own will, with the passage of time, they were developing an aggressive personality. Once the participants started discussing their family backgrounds, their life experiences and the relationship of their parents with each other, I discovered that most of the participants had previously experienced aggression in their lives to some extent. If they had not experienced it, then they had a broken family and/or w ere brought up by a single parent. While I was sitting in the setting and was listening to the experiences of the adolescents, the concept that was running in my mind was Bandura’s Experiments (Myers, 2008). In these experiments, the researcher has proved that children have exceptionally high level of observation starting from their birth. Therefore, their learning through observation is very strong. Thus, they imitate everything they see, if not immediately then possibly at some other time, but they do imitate the observed behaviour. From the explanation of the adolescents during the therapy, it was evident that out of six, four of them had someone in the family that was very aggressive, because of which they also developed a habit that keeps getting stronger by the day. The interesting part that I found about these participants is that almost every child has at least one of the parents who are aggressive in front of the children. At this point, the other theory that I have observed in my daily life is that children usually idealize their parents and tend to copy them in most of the situations where they can. They tend to do whatever their parents do in front of them, either in person or in similar settings. However, the rest of the two adolescents who were complaining about the aggression had not witnessed aggressive attitude by their parents. They were the brought up

Spanish Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Spanish - Essay Example En la otra mano, la migraccion es como un descanso durante el dia. Esta musica combiinada con la magnifica fotografia de Vittorio Storaro crea una gran escena de cuando los immigrantes entran por la luz. Lo mismo occurre para la danza illustrada en la pelicula. Una gran escena para explicar como la musica y el baile crean semtimientos en los caracteres cuando Laura y Elena bailan con el mismo hombre durante una cancion. Para mi esta escena es la sumatoria de toda la pelicula. El hombre esta supuesto a representar los sentimientos de Mario y como su corazon miente com ambas mujeres, La musica cambia un poco cuando las mujeras bailan con el hombre. El uso de colores en la pelicula tambien esta represntado en las sentimientos de los caracteres. El trasfondo durante los diferentes bailes illustran el sentir de la escena. Un punto de vista interesante cuando examine la pelicula por segunda vez, es que Elena siempre se viste de rojo. El color rojo puede significar muchas cosas. Y pienso que significa el amor mutuo entre Mario y Elena y tambien pienso que su amor era

Hong Kong Identity Essay Example for Free

Hong Kong Identity Essay Politic: July 1st, 2003 Protest Agenda 1. Introduction †¢ 1. 1. What is identity politic †¢ 1. 2. Political events that have affected HK Identity 2. July1st, 2003 protest 3. Conclusion 1. 1. What is Identity Politic †¢ Identity politics: Identity as a politic †¢ Development of identity politic †¢ Past v. s Present Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion 1. 2. Political events that affected HK Identity Tiananmen Square After WWI: Refugee Identity Mistrust of Chinese Government Article 23 After 1960: Local HK Identity 1997 Handover 2013 Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion 2. July1st, 2003 protest †¢ Annual protest led by Civil Human Rights Front †¢ Article 23 †¢ The Hong Kong SAR shall enact laws on its own to prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition, subversion against the Central Peoples Government, or theft of state secrets, to prohibit foreign political organizations or bodies from conducting political activities in the Region, and to prohibit political organizations or bodies of the Region from establishing ties with foreign political organizations or bodies Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion Concerns Pros †¢ British government also had repressive acts †¢ e. g Society Ordinance and the Public Order Ordinance Cons †¢ Police is allowed to enter houses and arrest people without warrant/evidence †¢ No freedom of speech †¢ Violation of Article 23 can result in a life term in a prison †¢ Any organization can be banned by PRC Conclusion Introduction July 1st Protest HK people identity Identity of general HK people †¢ Pragmatism †¢ Individualism †¢ Narrowing gap between HK people/ mainlanders: ambitious, adaptable, practical and clever †¢ Widening gap between HK people/ mainlanders : valuing free speech, press freedom, privacy and equality Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion HK people identity Parties that affect HK people identity HK people identity British colonial period rule of law, democracy, freedom of speech Chinese Government formal education, flag-raising ceremonies visits to the mainland Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion Identity illustrated by July 1st, 2003 †¢ Widening gap †¢ Antagonism vs. Pragmatic Nationalism and Liberalized Nationalism †¢ Cosmopolitan identity: HK’s dream, opportunities in society, has affected to local’s commitment to democracy Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion 3. Conclusion †¢ Evident that Article 23 politic widened the gap of â€Å"issue in rights of HK people† ex. Free speech, press freedom, valuing privacy, valuing equality †¢ But still the trend is that people feel less gap with mainlanders †¢ ainland’s characteristic change †¢ HK people affected by mainland government’s media, education, and ceremonies. †¢ No identity is perfectly coherent; there is inconsistencies Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion Questions to discuss †¢ What are the evolving features of the local political identity, culture and participation †¢ What is the essence of the confli cts between the local and national identities of HK people? †¢ What are the reasons for the rise of new activism, and what is its impact? Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion

Attitudes Towards Help Seeking Behaviour In Individuals Psychology Essay

Attitudes Towards Help Seeking Behaviour In Individuals Psychology Essay A questionnaire survey was conducted among the participants the Victoria University Students chose to determine whether attitudes towards seeking professional help changed when focusing upon certain situational variables. The 697 participants in this study each completed a questionnaire which evaluated on a 3 point scale their current attitude towards seeking professional counselling services, whether help had been obtained and their future intentions in seeking help. The study specifically focused on two age groups, 18-25 and 55+. Results indicated that females are more likely than males to have positive attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help. Also, consistent with the hypotheses, results also supported that younger adults will have a more positive attitude towards seeking seek than older adults and those with prior experience towards seeking professional help can influence an individuals future intentions on seeking help. This study attempts to focus upon the sit uational variables and avoidance factors that may influence attitudes towards seeking professional help. In a society with improved living standards and better access to healthcare, there is still a growing prevalence of men and women that display certain characteristics in their attitudes towards seeking professional counselling services. It is these people that seem to inhibit themselves from reaching out for beneficial services on a range of mental health issues and circumstances that need attention. Research psychologists and counsellors have reported that there are quite a number of factors and situational variables such as age, gender and prior experience that influence an individuals attitude on whether to seek professional help and the reluctance one holds attending such services. It is understood that when one experiences psychological distress, only after they have attempted to resolve their issues and failed will they endeavour to seek counselling or psychotherapy services. (Larson, et al., 2007) Help seeking can be generally defined as the specific behaviour an individual will exhibit when actively seeking help from certain people. Help seeking is a form of coping that opens the doors for communication with other people to gain advice, support and understanding on concerning issues that an individual will attempt to resolve. Counsellors have identified a number of avoidance factors that seem to directly influence an individuals pursuit in seeking help. Also identified are situational variables that impact the probability of an individuals reluctance to seek guidance such as sex/gender, race/ethnicity, treatment setting/treatment issue (Larson, et al., 2007) however, for the purpose of this report, sex/gender, age and prior experience will be focused upon and thoroughly discussed. The act of seeking professional help can come with many barriers and avoidance issues that seem to gain in intensity when an individual approaches the decision to seek such help. Larson, 2007 has summarised and interpreted the avoidance factors that are accepted by the mental health literature in the attitudes towards help seeking behaviours which include, social stigma (Komiya, Good, Sherrod, 2000), treatment fears (Deane Todd, 1996; Kushner Sher, 1989), fear of emotion (Komiya et al., 2000), anticipated utility and risks (Vogel Wester, 2003; Vogel, Wester, Wei, Boysen, 2005), and self-disclosure (Hinson Swanson, 1993; Vogel Wester, 2003) By identifying the above factors, it serves to be a useful function to counsellors that enables them to establish the potential barriers and reluctance towards help seeking. The attitudes and views held by an individual on help seeking are absolutely crucial and fundamental to their mental health and wellbeing. There is increasing awareness from professional and authoritarian bodies that encourages individuals to recognize the signs for help and to seek services from appropriate sources. Reluctance and attitudes towards seeking help will continue to be an obstacle unless counsellors and other professionals highlight and emphasise the importance of how vital it is to seek help when required. It is hypothesised that women have a more positive attitude towards seeking professional help than men. It is also hypothesised that younger adults will have a more positive attitude towards seeking seek than older adults. Finally, it is hypothesised that prior experience towards seeking professional help can influence an individuals future intentions on seeking help. There is growing research and evidence that suggests that the gender of an individual seems to have a correlative link in regards to attitudes towards help seeking. (Larson, et al., 2007) Many studies have concluded that men are more likely to seek professional counselling or psychological support for quite severe psychiatric conditions, (Leaf Bruce, 1987) whilst women are believed to have a more optimistic view in seeking help and are more inclined to seek help than men. (Fischer Farina,1995). It is worth mentioning that studies have also expressed that due to the stereotypes placed upon genders and their role within society, it has a direct impact in the attitudes of seeking help. Using the male gender as an example, a preconceived and stereotypical notion of men would suggest that they have a tough interior and succumbing to the thought that professional intervention may be required, can result in feelings of embarrassment and a sign of weakness as they must accept defeat. (Addi s Mahalik, 2003) Another preconceived notion held by society proposes that once all prior attempts at resolving issues have been exhausted, only in this instance is professional help ought to be sought after. (Angermeyer, Matschinger, Riedel-Heller, 1999) Holding such mentalities may bring the onset of social stigma associated with help seeking behaviours which can ultimately further increase an individuals reluctance in their search for resolutions. This is quite evident in a study that showed that men were more likely to place less important issues aside because of the increased social stigma involved. (Timlin-Scalera, Ponterotto, Blumberg, Jackson, 2003). It is clearly evident that the above findings support the hypothesis that women are more likely to have a positive attitude towards seeking professional help than men. Despite the results suggesting gender can play a direct role in attitude perceptions, studies of certain age ranges of males and females were also measured to investigate a possible correlation if age influences an individuals attitudes towards seeking help. Only a limited amount of research has been conducted investigating the possibility if age seems to play a role in the attitudes towards seeking professional help across different age spans. From the minimal demographic research findings that are available, studies have often used the specific views and attitudes of college educated students who range in 20 years of age and have found that this sample of people are more inclined to show positive attitudes towards seeking help and are more likely to attend services when being compared to individuals of similar age, with no college education and an older age range (Vessey Howard, 1993). Researches are also quite interested in the attitude perceptions of help seeking behaviours of adolescents and have found that despite counselling services being openly available to the majority of adolescents, there are a number of factors that will influence their intentions of doing so. (Boldero Fallon, 1995) Quite interestingly, with results simila r pertaining to that of adolescents, individuals who ranged 65 years of age or older were also found that in spite of professional assistance being easily accessible, an unwillingness was show in taking advantage of the offered services. (Andrews et al.,2001; Veroff, 1981) An interpretation of this finding can suggest that as a result of the increasing attitude perception of avoidance factors, reluctance can be expected. Due to a lack of basic education, individuals in this age range are not aware in recognizing the signs of when assistance is required for mental issues (Hasin Link, 1988) and as a result, individuals in this group were more likely to consult with general medical doctors relating their distress being linked to physical problems. (Leaf, Bruce, Tischler, Holzer, 1987) When comparing both age ranges, those 65 years or older were reported to have increasingly higher negative attitudes towards seeking professional help and counselling services. (Allen,Walker, Shergill, Dath, Katona, 1998). In lieu of the overall findings, the evidence and results clearly support the hypothesis however, age alone doesnt indicate overall attitudes towards help seeking. The decision process in which an individual comes to the conclusion that seeking assistance on mental issues has been characterised as a quite complex behaviour and not very straight forward. There are several factors that seem to intervene and delay the onset of progressing further in seeking help. Prior experience in seeking help and treatment is considered to play a major influence on the attitudes and intentions of individuals seeking such services or further increasing their reluctance to treatment. One of the most significant barriers to seeking professional treatment comes under the avoidance factor of social stigma. (Sibicky Dovidio, 1986; Stefl Prosperi, 1985). Social stigma is defined as the fear that others will judge a person negatively if she or he sought help for a problem. (Deane Chamberlain, 1994). Due to this preconceived idea, the fear of negative judgement from others deters an individuals attempt in help seeking (Overbeck, 1977). Studies investigating the relat ionship between help seeking behaviours and social stigma have concluded not only does social stigma predict ones attitude in seeking treatment, it may also directly affect their future intentions of counselling services. (Deane Chamberlain, 1994). An experiment conducted by Victoria University in the form of a questionnaire measured participants attitudes towards help seeking behaviours and their likely hood on future intentions to attend counselling services. The questionnaire specified and evaluated on a 3 point scale their current attitude towards seeking professional counselling services, whether help had been obtained and their future intentions in seeking help. Method Participants The 697 participants in this study consisted of males and females that were not related to the administers of the questionnaires. Of the two genders, there were 348 males and 349 females with ages ranging from 18 to 55+ years old. The study specifically focused two age groups, 18-25 and 55+. The younger age groups of 18-25 had a mean age of 20.59 (SD= 2.9) and 55+ older age group had a mean age of 60.70 (SD=6.62). The two age groups both consisted of subgroups comprising of younger males and females, and older males and females. The younger age group, 18-25, had 180 males with a mean of 20.70 (SD=2.23) and 185 females with a mean of 20.49 (SD=2.15). The older age group, 55+, had 168 males with the mean average of 61.34 (SD=7.25) and 164 females which had a mean age of 60.04 (SD=5.89) 50.1% of participants were born in Australia, 7.0% were born in Europe, 4.2% in Asia, 1.6% in Africa, 1.0% in North America and 34.4% participants did not indicate country of birth. Participation for thi s study was voluntary. Materials A questionnaire survey measuring the attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help was the selected medium. The questionnaire was designed to measure the responses of participants attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help. The survey consisted of a series of 10 questions all relating to personal attitudes regarding seeking psychological counselling services. Participants were instructed to rate the strength of their agreement to the questions or statement on a scale from 0 (completely disagree) to 3 (completely agree). Scores for each attitude topic could theoretically range from 0 (being the lowest possible score) to 30 (being the maximum possible score.) A demographic data section was also included in the survey to collect information regarding gender, age, nationality, occupation, country of birth and previous counselling experience. Procedure All students received four copies of the survey questionnaire. They were instructed to recruit 4 participants from the following age ranges of 18-25 and 55+. Chosen participants had to be of strict criteria, one male of 18-25 years old, one female of 18-25 years, one older male of 55+ and one older female of 55+ and must not be related. Participants were instructed to complete the questionnaires and hand them to the students to bring them along to the next designated class. The questionnaires were collected and randomly given to the lecturer. The course lecturer scored and analysed the data using descriptive statistics. Results The statistical data analysed from the questionnaires proved that all the hypotheses were supported. Data for gender and age were pooled and results are presented for the combined presentation. As seen below on table 1, results indicate that younger males scored higher than older males on their attitudes towards seeking help with a total mean score of 15.12 (5.58). On the other hand, consistent the hypothesis, females scored much better than males on their attitudes towards seeking professional help with a total means score of 17.17 (4.77). Table 1 Age and Gender: The influence on age and gender on the attitudes towards seeking professional help MALES FEMALES TOTAL Younger 18 30 15.59 17.2 16.41 (5.16) (4.37) (4.83) Older 55+ 14.59 18.09 16.32 (5.88) (5.16) (5.85) Total 15.12 17.16 (5.58) (4.77) Note: All numbers in brackets are standard deviations. FIGURE 1: Prior Counselling History Results Results have indicated that those with little counselling experience had a total mean average of 15.4 (5.16). Those with little counselling experience have a total mean average of 17.92 (4.90) and those with a lot of counselling experience had a total mean average of 20.23 (5.27). Consistent with the hypothesis, those who had previous counselling experience were more likely to have positive attitudes towards seeking help in the future and attend future services. Discussion As expected, the questionnaire survey confirmed that females are more likely than males to have positive attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help. Consistent with the hypotheses, results also supported that younger adults will have a more positive attitude towards seeking seek than older adults and those with prior experience towards seeking professional help can influence an individuals future intentions on seeking help. The results clearly indicate that there are certain avoidance factors such as social stigma and any preconceived ideas to why the attitudes of men in seeking help have scored lower than that of women. Findings have found that women are believed to have a more optimistic view in seeking help and are more inclined to seek help than men (Fischer Farina,1995) because men have been reported to only seek help for quite severe psychiatric conditions. (Leaf Bruce, 1987) Certain age ranges seem to have a link to the degree in which younger and older generations attitude differ in their efforts towards seeking help. It was reported that college educated students who range in 20 years of age are more inclined to show positive attitudes towards seeking help and are more likely to attend services when being compared to individuals of similar age, with no college education and an older age range. An explanation of this could be due to the exposure of college environment and a growing emphasis of the importance of psychological and counselling services (Vessey Howard, 1993). Older adults not aware in recognizing the signs of when assistance is required for mental issues (Hasin Link, 1988) and as a result, individuals in this group were more likely to have negative attitudes towards seeking help. One of the most significant barriers to seeking professional treatment comes under the avoidance factor of social stigma. Due to this preconceived idea, prior experience in seeking help and treatment can be jeopardised because of fear of negative judgement from others which can sometimes deters an individuals attempt and their attitude in seeking professional help. Due to the samples being limited to those participants students chose, findings may not apply to other cultural background and also, only two age ranges were focused upon, 18-25 and 55+, in order to gain a better perspective into people attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help, an unrestricted view across the age spectrum would greatly influence the results. Moreover, although the results were approached from the perspective that certain situational variables and avoidance factors may influence people attitudes towards professional help, it can be argued that peoples attitudes towards seeking therapy themselves influence their reluctance in actually attending such services. Directions for future exploration can include incorporating larger cultural backgrounds to gain a better understanding of different attitudes towards seeking help from a larger population. It would also be beneficial to have an unrestricted view of all ages across the spectrum to see if the attitudes towards seeking help discriminate against only certain ages or if they remain consistent throughout all ages. Finally, an investigation into all the potential variables that may influence attitudes towards seeking professional therapy should be considered to determine their potential relation with those attitudes. Overall, results from the study reveal that attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help can change depending on situational variables such as gender, age and prior counselling experience. It should be noted that situational variables seem to influence the attitudes of individuals only to a certain extent, avoidance factors such as social stigma and any preconceived notions can also greatly influence people attitudes towards seeking professional help. Further research should be conducted that incorporates and measures all the known situational variables and avoidance factors and see how the results vary from the present studies accessible now.

Performance Management and the Law

Performance Management and the Law Carlos M Garcia   Introduction: Within an organization there are many different ways to follow and obeyed employees regulations laws. These laws are governed by federal, state and judicial legislation, made to avoid lawsuits, discrimination, and to equalize bargaining power between employers and employees. According to (Smither, J. W., London, M., 2009), information would be required based on employees performance management to take further action either against or in favor of the individual. It is legally allowed to support supervisors/ managers and the organization in case of legal action from an employee. To approach these situations, the organization should follow certain steps to be fair to its employees and meet the U.S. federal regulations laws for employee personnel actions. To minimize the risk of employee-initiated litigation, employers must develop a checklist with the points necessary to ensure compliance with fair, consistent and legally sound performance evaluation systems. Such as, Inform employees in advance of performance evaluation standards. When hiring a new employee or adopting new standards, supervisors must update job descriptions and performance assessment forms, and copies should be given to all affected employees. Document all performance problems on a regular basis and on appropriate evaluation or gradual disciplinary action forms it should be very important for the records. An accurate format for conducting the evaluations allows the most complete and accurate recording of the information. Informality, on the other hand, can lead to discrimination claims. Federal and state laws prohibit discrimination in the workplace under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (Miller, F., n.d.). Also, give employees meaningful feedback because a vague, generalized or subjective assessments can lead to litigation. For example, when bosses tolerate an employee with performance problems for months and then suddenly give him a negative assessment and dismiss him, the employee can claim that the action was arbitrary or discriminatory and may be able to show that he was not given an opportunity to improve. Therefore, it should be essential to train supervisors in evaluating employee performance and how to manage the companys assessment system. Every organizations policies and procedures must comply based on federal and state laws related to employees, which allows equal employment opportunity, sexual harassment, safety, and much more. It is the organizations responsibility to provide every employee the policies and procedures related to federal laws such as the standards of conduct, nondiscrimination, benefits, etc. At Comcast, every employee must have a policy pocket book with them at all the time, and every year they need to review the handbook and acknowledge it. The organization must maintain new and old employees informed about U.S. federal regulation equally to all employees. A performance evaluation based on invalid outcomes can lead to adverse impacts, such as, discrimination, involve personal issues, and other situations that can lead to legal actions. For the same reason, legally defensible performance evaluation system must be implemented. Therefore, evaluators must personally know employees performance. The system adverse impact it will always exist some way or another, but it could minimize by continuous system reviews to keep a positive performance appraisal and fairly to all employees equally. Based on (Smither, J. W., London, M., 2009), by including contextual performance as part of the job performance criteria will actually reduce adverse impact in selection since the predictors of contextual performance have little adverse impact (Smither, J. W., London, M., 2009), There are different methods to evaluate performance management within an organization. Since it is not an easy task to assess the performance management to all individuals using criteria of fairness and justice, and at the same time stimulating them (Gilliland, S. Langdon, J., 1998). Therefore, to ensure fairness in the performance process: The organization should develop a system where all employees meets the needs as customers, this way the evaluation will reflect how customers would rate them, if employees do not accept the performance appraisal outcomes the system will not meet the needs and it will result in a conflict (Gilliland, S. Langdon, J., 1998). The opportunity to evaluate managers and supervisors will give employee a sense of fairness. It will help to impove the organization on various different aspect, it will help to identify any issues within the workplace related to sexual harassment, discrimination, favoritism, etc. Value employees opinions and let them participate in situations where the individual can be valued for his/ her performance. Conclusion Therefore, in order to achieve the objectives proposed by the organizations, they must have a suitable staff to compete in the demanding business environment. Therefore, it is important to express that the performance evaluation plays a fundamental role in the companies since through it is possible to determine which is more competent personnel to carry out the activities inherent to the positions. It can be concluded that when considering the human resource as a decisive factor and an important asset, well-defined performance evaluation policies must be implemented to detect failures within organizations, in order to achieve favorable changes in their structure and performance, and maintain a relationship of justice and fairness with all workers. References Gilliland, S.S., Langdon, J.C. (1998). Creating performance management systems that  promote systems of fairness. Josey Bass, 209-243 Miller, F. (n.d.). Ethical discrimination in the workplace. Retrieved on March 22, 2017,  from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/ethical-discrimination-workplace-1408.html (Links to an external site.) Smither, J. W., London, M. (Eds.). (2009). Performance management: Putting research into  action (Vol. 21). John Wiley Sons.

America Dream Essay :: essays research papers fc

Galvez, Peter English 20   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I HAVE A DREAM â€Å"I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today.† (MLK) These are the words of Martin Luther King himself. In 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. said that he too had a dream, and I would consider it a great view of the American Dream. But, what if his dream was something totally different than someone else’s dream? Is the American Dream different than it use to be, or is it changing? These are questions that we must all ask ourselves as we live here in America. I believe that education, business, and technology are major aspects that drive the American Dream, and that the American Dream is changing for the worst for middle and lower class Americans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My mom is one of the people that I interviewed asking her about her opinion of the American Dream. She grew up in Nicaragua and came to the United States by herself, because of the war that was happening there. When she arrived to the United States she only had four hundred   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Galvez 2 dollars. She was able to survive on her own and her view of coming to America was something that I found really interesting. â€Å"I remember coming to the United States looking to live a better life and get a good education. Back them all the schools really focused on attendance and everyone would want to go to school to learn. Nobody would go there to show off his or her clothes or see who had the nicer car. I notice that in today’s society there is a lot of kids that are dropping out and only go to school for the social aspect.† (Gladys Galvez) This makes me really put education as one of the top priorities in life. Without an education you will never be successful in life. Many people want to go to college and get a high paying job, or maybe one day being a millionaire. With out school you will never be able to get anywhere in life, and most aspects of a persons dream would be crushed. We give children a false comfort and reassurance that they can be whatever they want to be. Little boys grow up dreaming of professional baseball and little girls may dream of dancing in the ballet, but these dreams will most likely never come true due to their given situations.

The Character of the Curate and Marian in Old Mrs. Chundle by Thomas Ha

The Character of the Curate and Marian in 'Old Mrs Chundle' In Thomas Hardy's short story, 'Old Mrs Chundle', the Curate is a well-respected, well-mannered and considerate man. He is determined to spread the word of God to Mrs Chundle. Mrs Chundle is also a considerate woman. She does not regularly visit the church and lives alone in South Wales. At the beginning of the story, the Curate asks for some lunch from Mrs Chundle. At first Mrs Chundle did not hear the Curate, so he has to repeat what he asked earlier. The Curate is an open man; he is not ashamed of asking food from others and is willing to dine with an old woman. This shows that the Curate is a friendly man and he does not judge people. The Curate strikes up a friendly conversation, which eventually leads to Mrs Chundle lying about visiting the church once a week. Due to this, the Curate thinks he and Mrs Chundle have something in common as ho belongs in the same church, which Mrs Chundle lied about. He hopes to see Mrs Chundle again which shows that the curate has become quite friendly with her and also shows that he is a pleasant man. When the Curate is talking to his rector, he finds out about the lie Mrs Chundle told. His view of Mrs Chundle changes for a short while. He now thinks of her as a wicked woman. In Eudor Welty's short story, 'A Visit Of Charity', Marian is a typical 14-year-old teenager. She is a campfire girl trying to gain a few points by visiting old ladies in an 'Old Ladies Home'. At the beginning of the story, Marian, holding a potted plant, jumps off the bus, stops for a moment besides a prickly dark shrub and then proceeds towards the Old Ladies Home. She says to the nurse at the desk, 'I'm a Campfire girl I ... ...had not avoided her, Mrs Chundle would have had the joy of listening to God's words once more before she had died. Marian had not particularly learnt an important lesson. She is only a young adolescent. The only reason she had visited the old ladies was for a few points. When Marian came out of the Old Ladies Home, the first thing she did was take out her apple from under the bush and took a bite out of it. This shows that Marian was not affected in anyway from her experience with the old ladies. She had not gone to visit the old ladies out of her own choice but only for herself. The Curate had learnt the most from his experience as he showed the signs of confusion, guilt and had to ask for forgiveness from God. Marian had just taken a bite out of her apple as soon as she got out. She showed no signs of sympathy and compassion toward the old ladies.

Swimming :: essays research papers

Swimming Learning something new can be a scary experience. One of the hardest things I've ever had to do was learn how to swim. I was always afraid of the water, but I decided that swimming was an important skill that I should learn. I also thought it would be good exercise and help me to become physically stronger. What I didn't realize was that learning to swim would also make me a more confident person. New situations always make me a bit nervous, and my first swimming lesson was no exception. After I changed into my bathing suit in the locker room, I stood timidly by the side of the pool waiting for the teacher and other students to show up. After a couple of minutes the teacher came over. She smiled and introduced herself, and two more students joined us. Although they were both older than me, they didn't seem to be embarrassed about not knowing how to swim. I began to feel more at ease. We got into the pool, and the teacher had us put on brightly colored water wings to help us stay afloat. One of the other students, May, had already taken the beginning class once before, so she took a kickboard and went splashing off by herself. The other student, Jerry, and I were told to hold on to the side of the pool and shown how to kick for the breaststroke. One by one, the teacher had us hold on to a kickboard while she pulled it through the water and we kicked. Pretty soon Jerry was off doing this by himself, traveling at a fast clip across the short end of the pool. Things were not quite that easy for me, but the teacher was very patient. After a few more weeks, when I seemed to have caught on with my legs, she taught me the arm strokes. Now I had two things to concentrate on, my arms and my legs. I felt hopelessly uncoordinated. Sooner than I imagined, however, things began to feel "right" and I was able to swim! It was a wonderful free feeling - like flying, maybe - to be able to shoot across the water. Learning to swim was not easy for me, but in the end my persistence paid off.

Foreshadowing is the essential part of Steinbeck’s style in ‘Of Mice and Men’ Essay

Steinbeck, in my opinion, has one of the most unique styles of writing which is not only effective but also inspirational. The fact that he puts the whole plot and the ending right in front of us (at the beginning, in every section and even in the name) and we don’t recognise it easily is truly fascinating. Hints of the ‘grand finale’ could be found nearly everywhere in the novella. In the beginning of the play we learn that Lennie likes to pet soft things. He starts off by petting a mouse and then petting a puppy, of which he kills both as a result of his unrecognised brutal strength. The puppy was all innocent and fragile and Curley’s wife was seen in the same way which foreshadows the killing of Curley’s wife. The idea of Curley’s wife knowing the history of Lennie with pets and his blindness about the strength he possesses and still allowing him to stroke her hair was particularly considered peculiar by me. The only way I managed to justify this was that perhaps she was unaware of the dangers at that particular time as she was too caught up in the moment of perhaps she wanted to be rid of her depressive and oppressive life. Perhaps she was just fed up of her failure of her dreams and living a life of such misery that she thought of death to be the only way out and maybe death by the hands of Lennie seemed like a good idea because he was still considered to be childish meaning the element of innocence could be attached to him. Foreshadowing plays a huge role in indicating towards the fact that Lennie won’t make it alive to the end of the novella. The opening sets a pleasant mood to the story, it makes the world seem peaceful and lively then these feelings transforms into a darker and a much more sorrowful aura. The extract â€Å"I’ll put the old devil out of his misery right now† was said by Carlson to Candy. This action foreshadows the death of Lennie; He can be personified as Candy’s dog as his main purpose is also to accompany George hence when Lennie/ the dog is of no use or has exceeded his limit then he will be put down. This also highlights one of the theories attached to this story in perspective; the idea of Darwin’s ‘Survival of the fittest’ theory. The natural environment and settings could also emphasise Darwin’s theory as it was linked to nature but the quote also shows that a weak element in the food chain (Carlson) preys a weaker member of the food chain (the dog) and later on we learn that George (a weak member of the food chain) kills Lennie (a weaker member of the food chain in terms of mental abilities) regardless what the intents where. Furthermore, the death of Candy’s Dog and Lennie is pretty identical which can contribute to the method in which Lennie was murdered. The dog was shot in the head which was the same way Lennie was killed. The quotes â€Å"I ought to of shot that dog myself† and â€Å"He won’t even feel it.† shows that the idea of George killing Lennie himself rather than getting some else to do it is being suggested to George. Additionally, the second quotes highlights that it’s all for the best and this action is being taken for the greater good. In Addition, â€Å"I should have done it myself† said by Candy also suggests and foreshadows that George will be the murderer of Lennie. Candy realised afterwards and in a way regretted that he didn’t kill his dog, his best companion, himself, in the same George wouldn’t want Curley to kill Lennie so he would commit the murder himself. This could be considered a gesture of loyalty and love that now Lennie wouldn’t have to suffer anymore or it could also be a sign that George was just fed up of carrying Lennie’s burden around on his back. In my judgement, I would question George’s actions because I believe there are always other ways of getting around the situation and who gave George the right to take someone’s life. In conclusion, the element of foreshadowing is the main and one of the most important techniques which the novella is based on. Foreshadowing and hints of the future aspects of the story could be found at nearly every stage of the novella and I think that this doesn’t only make the story interesting but it also clamps the reader in deeper and deeper, it makes a reader’s hunger to find out the ending even more and more. In my opinion, Of Mice and Men is one of the most inspiring story’s I’ve read not only plot and content wise but also writer’s techniques wise.

Diversity Outline Essay

Statement: JP Morgan Chase bank is actually a well respected multinational finance service provider having monetary assets numbering in the trillions of dollars. They give good results in 60 different countries and they are moving forward to grow. Sociology – General Sociology Learning Team Assignment: Equal Rights Proposition Outline Select a current social issue related to the rights of ethnic or social groups. Research the subject and existing action plans designed to solve the issue. Develop a 1,050- to 1,500- word comprehensive outline of your proposition to promote equal rights. Be sure to include the following: The issues, challenges, and opportunities experienced by this group in the labor force How society has constructed this group’s identity The legal framework relating to this issue Summary of existing or proposed solutions of differing groups. Consider the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, corporate human resource departments, state or federal laws and regulations, political strategies, government agencies, religious groups, and grass roots organizations. Whether or not this issue exists in other countries, and if so, how it is handled by differing groups Your team’s compromise or alternative to existing solutions Outline your proposition in Microsoft Word. Include at least five academic references in your research. Format your outline consistent with APA guidelines. When it comes to succeeding in college, there are many influential factors. In fact, even your choice of seat can make a difference. Try to score a seat near the front of the lecture hall rather than one right next to the exit. You are more likely to stay engaged and can ask your profess†¦ For downloading more course tutorials visit – https://bitly.com/1xpzHSE When it comes to succeeding in college, there are many influential factors. In fact, even your choice of seat can make a difference. Try to score a seat near the front of the lecture hall rather than one right next to the exit. You are more likely to stay engaged and can ask your professor questions easily. Sociology – General Sociology Learning Team Assignment: Equal Rights Proposition Outline Select a current social issue related to the rights of ethnic or social groups. Research the subject and existing action plans designed to solve the issue. Develop a 1,050- to 1,500- word comprehensive outline of your proposition to promote equal rights. Be sure to include the following: The issues, challenges, and opportunities experienced by this group in the labor force How society has constructed this group’s identity The legal framework relating to this issue Summary of existing or proposed solutions of differing groups. Consider the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, corporate human resource departments, state or federal laws and regulations, political strategies, government agencies, religious groups, and grass roots organizations. Whether or not this issue exists in other countries, and if so, how it is handled by differing groups Your team’s compromise or alternative to existing solutions Outline your proposition in Microsoft Word. Include at least five academic references in your research. Format your outline consistent with APA guidelines.

The Amazing World Of Laughter and its Super Healing Power

The most wonderful gift that I’ve ever known in my life and from this Book of The amazing world of laughter & its super healing power is the gift of laugh, one of the greatest blessings of the Lord. In my readings, this gift if so special, because it gives us all the opportunities to overcome our weaknesses. It’s like when we are so down and when we are being neglected, we must know how to conquer it. We should try laughing, time over time. I am sure that, when we laugh without reasons, even though we look like an addict, we will be amaze by our actions so please!Don’t care what the people say. Especially when we are in a self-pity mode, we must know ourselves to be better be aware of what is new and what is need to be learned, because the effort is for us to take initial steps. Granting ourselves with happiness is the greatest gift that we can give to ourselves, because even if we have many moneys but we are not happy all those treasures will be burn into ashes, so be practical. Be wise, turn-on yourself into a version 2. 0 or push yourself into the next level. Be vigilant, fight this deceases of being lonely.May this term paper be filled with so much laughter and a Remnant of humorous topics, I hope you enjoy and find it interesting. So be ready fuel up your engine, because you’re ready to face a new battle. Gear up with your shining armor as you fight this enemy, Learn how to cope the enemy of laughter which is the loneliness. Best of Laughter, Kim Jasty S. Yanong Exposition (Body of the Review) As I review the book of the amazing world of laughter and its super healing power, I was in so much joy and happiness that I was one of all the people in this world to know the true meaning of Laughter.It has so many benefits, so many. That when we laugh and laugh we can almost forgot our problems. I was enlightened by the paragraphs and sentences; it gives me so much perseverance. I conclude from this book that being happy and gay is one of the reasons why, is the humans are healthy. It is such a very wonderful book to read. It is so FUN! we readers can learn more, beyond our wildest dreams and imaginations. I can also compile new ideas, and can use it for a better understanding.This book teaches me how to bear pains and trials without complain, this is a pabular to my soul. It can lead me to a pacificatory life. May this book abound more readers to find pleasure and have a great knowledge, wisdom and more power. Reviewing this book is so accommodating, because, this is so acquiescent from what I had written in my insights. It also helps me to admire myself that I can do more, that I can accomplish my desired goals and the way and how to act like a futuristic person.Initializing this book, can make me a valuable person that I have a role why on earth I lived in this astonishing planet, because I have a purpose driven life. I solemnly believe that each person has a different talent that we can contribute, to each oth er and to our Heavenly Father. As what I have encountered I was boosted with so much blissfulness, and I can feel it in my nerves. The alignment of our muscles, that if you practice laughing 10 minutes a day, you can’t stress yourself.If I recite all the warm fuzzy happenings in my life that I can connect to this book, I can guarantee you that I am sure that many and a lot of situations of stories of my life that I can type in a thousand pages of paper. In order for me to achieve, what I am now that’s because the things that I have learned in my past and it make me smile. Just like the testimonies of truths about the amazing world of laughter and its super healing power, in this book, people who wrote their histories was being done with other people as well, showing that a person is entitled to credit or has a right to express their experiences.We can all manage our life, our belongings and our precious loved ones. It has a lot of emotions and so many meanings that the author was filled with so much joy, that’s why she wrote this book like this. She handled it with care, from making to loving it. As she go further to write more books, may our God bless her books and all the readers that will not just only read her books but will also put it into an action with so much pure dignity and resourcefulness. Pure passion is the beginning of all.Without passion you can’t assure that you can make a perfect book, with paragraph that full of meanings, letters and words that are justified in pure intentions. As I see, tender loving care comes from this book. It is all my opinion, so I like what I have done and express all I want to say about the Book and also about the Author. I have a secret to confess, I just don’t like it but I loved it so much. Someday, I want to write my own insights, based on what I will study, because I admire it and adore it. I really, really, really love it. That’s all, I thank you.

Are There Blind Spots in Our Eyes?

Are There Blind Spots in Our Eyes? ABSTRACT Our eyes are vital organs because they help us visualize our surroundings. But are our eyes perfect in seeing what’s right in front of us? Sadly I learned in our evolution, nature messed up at one point and gave us blind spots in our eyes. This project shows why we have these blind spots, how to discover them, and how big they are. I researched on how our eyes see things; why when one eye is closed, the other eye sometimes can’t see what’s in front of it. I also found during my research a formula that is used to estimate the size of a human eye’s blind spot.I performed an experiment using Blind Spot Test card I made to verify the existence of blind spots in my eyes. I also collected data while testing to find the size of my blind spot. I learned the size of eyes’ blind spots varies in relation to the size of the human eyes. QUESTION Are there any blind spots in our eyes? If there are, how do we find them, and how big are they? VARIABLES Dependent Variable: Size of the blind spot in our eye Independent Variable: Diameter of the eye Experimental Group Controlled Variables For Each Group Child Test Subject MeAdult Test Subject My Mom HYPOTHESIS If I close one of my eyes, using a test card marked with different symbols then I can find my other eye’s blind spot. Add a ruler/yard stick to take measurements; I can estimate the size of that blind spot too. I think the bigger the human eye, the bigger the blind spot is. BACKGROUND RESEARCH The following diagram shows the anatomy of a human eye (New Translation of Laruelle’s ‘Biography of the Eye’). Our eyes see things when light reflects off the objects goes through the pupil and sends the information to our brains.The eye and brain work together as a group that after the information gets delivered to the brain as electro-chemical signal, it is interpreted, or â€Å"seen†, as images (WebMD). The first layer o f our eye is the cornea. It is made of a clear tissue and protects the eye like a see through glass cover. More importantly, it helps the eye focus on an object while light passes through it. The iris, a colorful part of the eye around the pupil behind the cornea contracts or dilates to control the amount of light that goes into the pupil. The pupil at the center of the iris is an opening that lets the light into the eye (Your Eyes).After light enters the pupil, it passes through the lens behind. The lens functions just like a camera lens so that it focuses the light and beams it onto the retina, the light receptor at the back of the eye. The retina’s surface is flat and smooth, and it acts like a movie screen or the film of a 35mm camera. However, unlike a screen or a film, the retina also has some other features, one of which is the light sensors that detect light. After the retina detects light, it converts the light into electro-chemical signals. These signals then exit t he back of the eye via optical nerves and get sent to the brain for processing (WebMD).There is a little area on the retina where the optical nerves are attached to the eyeball at one end and connects to the brain on the other end. This spot of the retina contains no light sensors. Without light sensors the retina cannot sense light, therefore if light hits that spot, it cannot convert the light into electro-chemical signal and pass the information to the brain to â€Å"see†. This forms a blind spot on the eye. The blind spot however, doesn’t affect our vision because our brain â€Å"ignores† it. Also having a pair of eyes, one eye can back up the other eye’s blind spot so that we have a clear vision most of the time.This is why people usually don’t notice the effects of blind spots (Kingfisher 114). There are ways to test human eye’s blind spot. Scientists also discovered formula to estimate the size of our blind spots. Depending on the siz e of our eyes, we each have unique blind spots. MATERIAL LIST A cardboard card approximately 3 x 5 in (or 8 x 10 cm) in dimension Black Marker to draw symbols on the cardboard card Ruler/Yard Stick A pencil to record the data EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Often people use the following experiment (Exploratorium), or its variation to test for blind spots existing in our eyes:Make a test card using the cardboard material. Use a black marker pen to draw a black dot and a cross on the two edges of the card. Make sure the dot and the cross are on the same level. Hold the test card away at an arm’s length and at eye level, while the other hand holds a yardstick just below the left eye. Put the test card on top of the meter stick. Make sure the cross on the test card is on the right hand side. Close your right eye and stare at the cross with your left eye. At this point, you should also be able to see the black dot. Focus on the cross and move the test card towards you by sliding it along the yardstick slowly.At a certain point, the black dot will disappear from your vision. Record the measurement on the meter stick when that happens. Continue to move the test card forward; you’ll notice the black dot will reappear again. You can also test for the other eye by closing your left eye instead. This time you should look directly at the black dot with your right eye, and as you move the test card closer to you, you should notice the cross disappear and reappear again. DATA AND DISCUSSION The following is the formula for finding the size of the blind spot of a human eye: S/m = d/DIn this equation, S is the size of the blind spot on the eye, m is the distance of pupil to retina, estimated by the diameter of the eye, d is the size of the black dot on the test card, and D is the distance from eye to the test card (Exploratorium). Thus, to solve for S, we have: S = d/D * m To perform the experiment, I have two test subjects: my mom and myself. We measured the diameter o f each of our eyes as following: my eye is roughly 2 cm, and my mom’s eye is about 2. 5 cm. Then we stepped through the above-mentioned experimental procedure, and wrote down the data.Experimental Data Black Dot SizeDistance between eye to test card when black dot disappeared Andy Eye diameter = 2 cm0. 25 in ~= 0. 635 cm11. 75 in ~= 29. 845 cm Andy’s Mom Eye diameter = 2. 5 cm 0. 25 in ~= 0. 635 cm13 in ~= 33. 02 cm Based on the data collected, I calculated my blind spot is approximately 0. 0426 cm, or 4. 26 mm in diameter; and my mom’s blind spot is roughly 0. 048 cm, or 4. 8 mm in diameter. Since her eye is slightly larger than mine, her blind spot is a tiny bit bigger than mine as well. I wish I were able to find more test subjects for my experiment.However, I couldn’t find other people to try the experiment. CONCLUSION In conclusion there are blind spots in the eyes and my hypothesis was correct. The experiment shows there is a blind spot in the corne r of our eye because of the optic nerve, and that the size of the blind spot differs from person to person. Our blind spots are an evolutionary defect. Nature was able to correct it by making us have two eyes so we could see clearer and we have a bigger vision field. With that being said we are at the end of my research paper. I hope you enjoyed our little adventure. ACKNOWLEDGMENTI would like to thank my mom, Jane, for being my test subject for my experiment. WORK CITED 1. â€Å"Blind Spot: To see, or not to see†, Exploratorium, http://www. exploratorium. edu/snacks/blind_spot/index. html 2. â€Å"New Translation of Laruelle’s Biography of the Eye†, Fractal Ontology, Nov 21, 2009 http://fractalontology. wordpress. com/2009/11/21/new-translation-of-laruelles-biography-of-the-eye 3. â€Å"The Kingfisher Science Encyclopedia†, Kingfisher Publications, 2006 4. â€Å"Your Eyes†, Kids Health, http://kidshealth. org/kid/htbw/eyes. html 5. â€Å"Your Gui de to How the Eye Sees†, WebMD, http://www. webmd. com/eye-health/amazing-human-eye

Google's Culture is Truly Unique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Google's Culture is Truly Unique - Essay Example 2. Using the competing values framework, Google’s culture can be analyzed. The company possesses characteristics of a clan, but minimally and non invasively so. In terms of adhocracy, this is something that the company may now be too large to handle. From a market framework, Google is best viewed from the international perspective. â€Å"Googles hiring policy is aggressively non-discriminatory and favors ability over experience. The result is a staff that reflects the global audience the search engine serves† (Google, 2009). Despite its framework of easygoingness, Google is a hierarchical culture. 3. Google’s stated mission is simple, and only takes one line of company documents. â€Å"Googles mission is to organize the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful† (Google, 2009). The culture type most associated with out of the options from the previous question, is market. This is not a hierarchical statement, but one that is centered on the resource that the company presents to the market as its primary service. The statement also shows how Google, after achieving similarly staggering growth with Microsoft, did more of a one-hundred-eighty degree turn in its internal culture: though still aggressive, the company realized that once it was an eight-hundred-pound gorilla, doing parlor tricks was more threatening than amusing. The company needs to retain its edge. 4. In terms of techniques for changing organizational culture, Google has used various methods to form its culture. Market research is important, and socio cultural considerations include how the customer perceives a large company with expensive stock like Google. Related factors of differentiation and switching costs are, as in the bargaining power of suppliers, related to this relationship. This shows how many of the forces in competition that the public sees have a symbiotic or integrated function

Depression Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Depression Review - Article Example This study wanted to provide the relationship between functional social support (FSS) and psychological capital (PC), with anxiety and stress symptoms among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The study says that it is very beneficial to employ PLWHA since through employment they get salary and wages that they use to improve the quality of their life, they become happier and they can go to hospital to be treated whenever they feel sick. For those who are not employed and are living with HIV/AIDS, they cannot have a quality life, they cannot be happy and they lack the money to use for treatment whenever they are sick. Even though benefits that are gained from the employment of PLWHA, there a lot of unemployment cases in the world. The main reason for this is psychological distress, mental, physical and other factors of social life and population (Liu et al., 326). When we talk of spiritual capital (PC), we just mean such things like efficacy, believing in a positive future and resilience that are beneficial in praising the performance of workers and congratulating them. We also considering whether or not they are getting satisfied at their place of work. In this article, the researcher conducted a cross-section survey in Liaoning Province which has a population of 43 million people between the month of December in the year 2010 and the month of April in the year 2011. In this sample, there were 360 persons living with HIV/AIDS and were fully employed, between 18 and 16 years of age. The two strategies that could help in gathering data were giving out questionnaires to the sample and the application of informed consent. After distributing out the questionnaire, 320 were fully filled, and they were analyzed and later results were released. In the process of conducting analysis, those concepts and methods that were used are Pearson’s correlation,

Looking for Parity in the Gender Pay Gap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Looking for Parity in the Gender Pay Gap - Essay Example The gender pay gap remains a major hindrance to gender equality. There are a number of theoretical explanations of this phenomenon that help identify the various forces contributing to the gender segregation process. These theories can be classified into three: institutional, structural, and individual. This essay discusses these three theories, but it is the contention of the author that no particular explanation is adequate to completely give explanation for the presence of gender segregation. Every theory provides a distinctive explanation of how gender segregation works. The first section briefly discusses the historical roots of gender pay gap, particularly in the UK. The discussion then focuses on the theories, the supply- and demand-side. Basically, this essay critically assesses the argument that gender pay gap is fair in that it reflects the differing work and care priorities of men and women. Historical Roots of Gender Pay Gap In the 1940s, the post-war welfare state in the UK was rooted in the idea that men are the breadwinner while women are the housekeepers. Both the occupational system and the benefit system relied on this idea of a male breadwinner. Nevertheless, the idea was subjected to heavy scrutiny in the 1960s and 1970s, driven by the evolving labour market conditions and by the demands of the Women’s Movement (Bagilhole, 2009, p. 11).... The differences between the occupational profile of men and women, the comparative gap between full-time and part-time employment, and the level of participation of women in the labour market are commonly emphasised as having a considerable effect on the GPG (Grimshaw & Rubery, 2007; Blau & Kahn, 2001). The discourse on the importance of individual objectives against structural limitations has an extensive history in the social sciences. This section discusses two theories of gender wage inequality: Hakim’s Preference theory/Rational Choice and the Human Capital theory. Hakim disputes what she believes is the prevailing feminist perspective on the patterns of female employment. She believes that part-time employment or career breaks are decisions made by women willingly because of their obligations at home and the inadequate availability of childcare services (Davis, Evans, & Lorber, 2006). Instead, the underprivileged position of women in the labour market manifests the conse quences of their changing work preferences. Hakim explains that both men and women are the driving forces in their own lives, hence â€Å"self-classification as a primary earner or secondary earner is determined by chosen identities, rather than imposed by external circumstance or particular jobs† (Davis et al., 2006, p. 255). Basically, the core assumption of Hakim is that the employment experiences of women are mostly the outcome of these women’s decisions. Hakim illustrates, more accurately, that part-time employment is preferred by women, referred to as ‘grateful slaves’, mostly committed to their domestic obligations. On the contrary, ‘self-made women’,

Looking for Richard Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Looking for Richard - Movie Review Example His sole purpose however seems to bringing Shakespeare to the ordinary citizen , capture their thoughts and make them understand the gravity of the matter when it come to these works of literature. To him they are not just forms of entertainment set out to trigger only the human emotions but pathways to opening the human mind, how we think and how our words and actions affect people around us. On the other hand Al Pacino takes on a humble role in the documentary seeking to learn more on how Shakespeare’s works are actually supposed to be performed; he ventures into the difficulties encountered when acting this Shakespearean play and its translation. He learns of the importance of the iambic pentameter which is explained as the rise and fall of the words in a five beat sequence. It is presumed by the academics as the sole key into bringing out the diction in the plays, the accent needed and the emotions Shakespeare tries to bring out in his plays. He then seeks out every character; analyzing their behavior and the impact they have on the play thus being able to come up with a suitable actor for the role. He does this by taking up Frederic Kimball; a scholar Shakespearean literature who helps him decipher the acts of the plays and also helps in co-writer and also elicits helpful criticisms from academics. As a film runs we see the effort Al Pacino takes not only into understanding the play but the history behind it and its writer. He visits places such as the birthplace of the playwright in Stafford and the grand theater in London where the play was first performed with an aim of seeking inspiration for the scenes and get to see the environment which gave inspiration for the development of the acts. It is quite evident from the documentary that picking out the scenes for the acts had been a problem and that it took a while

Financial accounting (Asset, liability, revenue, expense and sale) Essay

Financial accounting (Asset, liability, revenue, expense and sale) - Essay Example Further those are classified as tangible or intangible assets. Use of fixed assets is written off to profit and loss account as depreciation. Liabilities are of two types, namely current liabilities and non- current liabilities. Liabilities whose obligation to pay arise within a period of twelve months or in a business cycle are called current liabilities. These are classified in balance sheet on liabilities side as ‘current liabilities’ and also include the current obligations (arising within 12 months) of long term liabilities. It may also be shown as deduction from current assets in order to calculate net current assets. Long term liabilities or non- current liabilities are those are due to be paid beyond a period of twelve months or a business cycle. These are shown separately than current liabilities on liability side of balance sheet. Expenses: Expenses generally result from increases in liabilities or decreases in assets. For example rent for use of business premises increases the current liabilities and thus results in expenses. Expenses are deducted from total revenue or income in an income statement or profit and loss account in order to compute profits or losses during an accounting period. Expenses may be revenue expenditure or non- revenue expenditure Revenue expenses are used to compute profits or losses of the business. Non- revenue expenses are generally added to assets in respect of which those are incurred. Sale: Sale of goods takes place on transfer of ownership to the buyer and receipt of value or claim to the sales value of such goods. Sales are recognized as revenue from regular business of entity. The goods dealt in are those in the regular course of business of the entity. Sale is treated as revenue or income in the profit and loss account for purpose of calculation of profit or loss earned during the accounting period. Sales that are

Utilitarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Utilitarianism - Essay Example The assumptions of utilitarianism are: 1) Human well-being is a common good; 2) Everyone should be included in the assessment of utility; and 3) The right actions promote what is good for society. The elements of utilitarianism are: 1) concept of happiness, 2) impartiality, 3) consequentialism, and 4) balance of good and bad consequences. Utilitarianism values happiness or utility, which is defined as â€Å"pleasure and freedom from pain.† Utilitarianism further places high priority on impartiality, because we should all be impartial to each other’s happiness. Each of us is considered as holding one utility, whatever our social classes and positions, and other defining characteristics maybe. Furthermore, utilitarianism is consequentialist ethics, because the moral values of actions depend on their total consequences. Finally, PU underlines the importance of balancing positive and negative consequences. The loss of utility of others should be justified by the increase in happiness of other people. Utilitarianism prioritizes the PU over subordinate moral values, but Mill argues for the assessment of the quality of our action’s consequences. He emphasizes that the quality of decisions should be more important than the quantity of consequences. Estimates of utility should give greater weight to higher quality pleasures. Higher pleasures pertain to pleasure from activities that exercise the intellect, feelings, imagination, moral sentiments, and other essential moral values. These activities allow for greater choice and responsibility. Lower pleasures refer to pleasures of sensation and are more passive pleasures. Mill also argues that it is important to protect civil rights, because doing so will lead to high social utility. The maxims of justice are additional important subordinate principles of doing the right actions. Utilitarianism assesses actions in terms of their consequences, but it can also evaluate motives and