Essay Topics For Scholarships - An Alternative to Writing Your Essay?

Essay Topics For Scholarships - An Alternative to Writing Your Essay?In your quest to find essay topics for scholarships, you may be surprised at how much you are missing. You need not believe that you are not writing well enough for the competition. Consider some of the more neglected essay topics for scholarships and see what they have to offer.Remember that you are trying to get real, not idealistic, advice and some real, not idealistic, help. There is no excuse for feeling that you are competent enough, as your essays should provide guidance to those in the same situation as you. This could mean help with financial aid or alternative sources of funding. You should not feel that you need to set yourself apart from your competitors.The essay topics for scholarships for example focus on issues that are more popular with the general public than with the general writers. Personal experiences like tragedy, school, or career goals can be provided by topics about personal experiences. Ma ybe even examine what makes you feel alive, or happy, or pensive, or soothed. You may wish to consider these things on your own, but if you are to provide any helpful advice then they must be presented in your essay.Those who write under a pseudonym, or who write for a news site like the Atlantic or Business Week, are commonly considered writers that are not in touch with their subjects. It might surprise you that you will find more subjects of personal information in the topic area of personal finance than any other area. Indeed, it might take an enormous amount of research to arrive at this conclusion. That should not prevent you from having an idea, however.You must be familiar with Internet traffic and of course you know that you have to put forth all of your effort into your online competition. You may try getting some practice essays that feature topics that are similar to yours. This could be a particularly effective way to learn to write from the heart. After you write a few of these, you can look at what you wrote in order to determine if you did yourself any favors.A final issue to consider is the audience. If you do not have a native tongue, a website that will translate a text is a good option. Do not rely solely on the translation, though. You should feel confident that you are speaking the correct language when you provide your advice. It is good to have a third party to confirm this, so that you do not run the risk of being misleading.The essay topics for scholarships does not have to be too difficult. There are many excellent sites on the Internet that will give you great suggestions for topics.

Mildred Taylor s A Special Gift - 926 Words

Mildred Taylor has a special gift. Mildred Taylor is able to put words down on a sheet of paper and turn it into a piece of art. Mildred Taylor has a special craft that she uses in her stories to make them stand out from other novels. She is brilliantly able to create the mood of the story with ease, as she has special techniques that allow her to do so. Mildred Taylor can keep the same mood throughout the story, or she can quickly change the mood by adding in a couple of sentences. Mildred does this with flow, and three craft moves that she use. Mildred Taylor is able to build a mood by using dialogue, figurative language and symbolism, in her stories. Dialogue is the way that the author is able to tell the story using different characters. Mildred Taylor. â€Å"Stacy,’ said Little Man excitedly, ‘Whaddaya think they gonna do us? Burn us?† (Taylor 53). The children just heard the dangers of what might happen to them, if they were, found guilty, for destroying the bus. The readers lean that even children’s lives, are in danger, to keep an unfair peace. This concludes, the mood for the story â€Å"Its†¦ it’s them again. They’s ridin’ tonight† (Taylor 60). Mr. Avery said this, after he received information, that the KKK is riding. He recommends that they all stay close, and be prepared for anything. This shows that the blacks live in a constant fear of being attacked and separated from their families. The mood is that life is to valuable to risk, therefore you need to always be away ofShow MoreRelatedChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pagesother writers for adultsâ⠂¬â€œincluding Ludwig Bechstein, Clemens Brentano, and E. T. A. Hoffmann–championed the folk tale and the literary fairy tale. The Grimms were attempting to collect and preserve German folklore for other scholars, but when Edgar Taylor translated the tales into English as German Popular Stories (1823–1826), he revised and redirected the tales for children. George Cruikshank illustrated the volumes, and his humorous designs were praised by John Ruskin. The popularity of the Grimms

Causes of the American War of Independence - 1229 Words

The American Revolution is usually seen as being the same thing as the American War for Independence, starting in 1775 with the battle of Lexington and ending in 1783 with the treaty of Paris. This popular misconception has lead to the most important has lead to the real revolution being forgotten, the change in the way countries are governed and the ideas that lead to it. With the end of the French and Indian wars, the first worldwide war, the British found themselves with a huge national debt. The only reason they won the war was that their treasury lasted longer than the French treasury. As part of the agreement for peace, the French offered to give all their holdings in America to the British. These new acquisitions were a†¦show more content†¦Samuel Adams organise the Boson Tea Party in which 342 chests of tea were thrown in the water as a way of saying they would not accept British tyranny. The point had been reached where you had to choose between Britain and Independence. The British had reached the breaking point with their patience so they set in place some acts to establish British Authority. These acts were called the Intolerable Acts by the Americans and they included • The closing of Boston until the colonists paid for the tea. • The Administration of Justice Act allowed British officials accused of murder while enforcing British law to be trialled in England. • The Massachusetts Government act took away the right of the Massachusetts Assembly to appoint the council that advised the governor. • The Quartering Act required the colonists to provide housing for British troops. • The Quebec Act, which was an attempt to organise the area taken from France, seemed to the colonists to be an unjustified attack on colonial freedom. The British thought this would bring the Americans under control but it did not. Instead, it only made them angrier and all the colonies joined together as one to fight against the British. There were a few important people in the war like Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin and most famously George Washington. Washington was the military commandeer of the Continental Army A few important dates were: -Show MoreRelatedCauses of American War of Independence4459 Words   |  18 PagesThe Causes of American War of Independence The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a conflict that erupted between Great Britain and revolutionaries within thirteen British colonies, who declared their independence as the United States of America in 1776. The war was the culmination of the American Revolution, a colonial struggle against political and economic policies of the British Empire. The war eventually widened far beyond British NorthRead MoreThe American Revolution And The War Of Independence999 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution, also known as the U.S. War of Independence, goes back to 1765-1783. One of the major effects of the American Revolution was that the colonies became recognized as independent. It was now separated from Great Britain. France joined in and became our allies and helped the colonies in 1778. Since France joined the war, they turned a civil war into an international war. There were a lot of causes that led up to the begin ning and the end of the war. There was a lot of causes thatRead MoreFrench Revolution vs American Revolution1534 Words   |  7 PagesFrench and American Revolution Both the American and French revolutions were focused on liberty and equality. America was trying to gain freedom from the rules, unfair taxation, War debt, and lack of representation from the British. The French Revolution on the other hand wanted to abolish the French monarchy and create a better government in which people could have more of a say in society, and also had similar causes as the American Revolution. They were similar in their causes because bothRead MoreHistory - 10th Grade Short Essays.1379 Words   |  6 Pages VII ESSAY QUESTIONS Grade 10 What qualities in George Washington made him a good choice for commanding the revolutionary army? What were his most valuable contributions to independence? Washington would lead the Patriots to a surprising victory over Great Britain. There are many qualities that made George Washington into the great leader that he was. These qualities can be seen by the many decisions he made throughout hisRead MoreImpact Of War On Society And The Economy899 Words   |  4 PagesThe Impact of War As soon as there were men, there was war. The history of warfare can be traced all the way back to one of the earliest known civilizations, Mesopotamia. Since the development of organized city-states, warfare has been used to settle disputes, including disagreements over land, resources, and religious beliefs. The United States has a long history of warfare in its 224-year history, starting with its fight for independence. Each war fought has had a profound impact on the courseRead MoreThe Unjust American Freedom1447 Words   |  6 PagesFreedom The way the Americans gained independence may not be as valiant as it seems. The war lacked just war criteria despite many arguments. The idea was foolish and unnecessary and proved the lack of development amongst this young territory. Many factors lead to this premature uprising and the French and Indian War is a great reason for most of those factors. The decision by the American colonists to revolt against British rule was premature and overly aggressive. The American plea for a RevolutionRead MoreAmerican Revolution Causes and Importance1099 Words   |  5 Pagesthe causes of the American Revolution. Which cause was most important? Why? Mariah Gutierrez History 1301 Professor Harris September 29, 2013 The American Revolution was a major war within America that got the United States their independence and showed others that they were not a weak nation. There were many causes that lead up to this war and had a great effect on it. The first war we see is the French and Indian War (1754-1763)Read MoreThe Revolutionary War Of Independence1366 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution which began as a War of Independence for American quickly transformed into a civil battle between the American patriots and loyalists joined by Indian forces. This war of independence, irrefutably, had a great effect on the citizens of America in varying degrees. The revolution, of course, gave a free rein to unforeseen political revolutions which often spark social revolutions. However, the American Revolution has foreseen the beginning of an abolitionist movement for AfricanRead MoreSpanish Colonization Of North America993 Words   |  4 Pagesterritory Spain had surpassed ancient Rome as the larges t empire. Exploiting the land, labor, and minerals Spain quickly conquered and settled most of South America, the Caribbean, and the Southwest. Spain used its new wealth to help finance their war in Europe. With promises of riches and many natives to convert to Christianity the Spanish sent conquistadors who brought with them not only superior military technology but also diseases like smallpox, scarlet fever, and the bubonic plague decimatingRead More john adams revolution Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pagesbefore the war commenced (37-38). The Revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people, proving there was a feeling of revolution as soon as people left England to come to the New World (25). The duel for America created a restlessness among the independent minded Americans. However, mother England saw the necessity of holding her colonies. Eventually, tension is felt between the two sides, resulting in colonial unity and the sovereignty of a new republic. There were many causes and effects

The Religious Conversions of King Clovis I and Emperor...

Throughout history, there have been many instances of leaders converting to new religions, but none have had an impact such as the conversion of Constantine I, nor as ground-breaking as that of Clovis I. Constantine I was born in the year 280. During his reign as emperor of the Roman Empire, the state was falling apart. 1 He was the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity. He called the Council of Nicea in 325 to resolve conflicts arising between the Arian Christians and the Athansian Christians. 2 This resulted in the canonization of Athansian Christianity, to which Constantine I converted his empire. 3Clovis I was born in the year 466, he was the king of the Franks and ruled Gaul for 30 years. 4 It is unknown when he converted to Christianity, however he was baptised in 496. Clovis I was the first Germanic king to convert to Christianity, and while he did not convert his entire state, his conversion was a turning point in Frankish and European history. Behind any convers ion, is a reason. For Constantine I, it was an empire coming apart at the seams. For Clovis, it was a need to be more palatable to a mostly Christian populous. While Constantine I ruled the Roman Empire, Christianity became the overriding faith of Rome. 5 While Constantine I had been exposed to Christianity during childhood through his mother, Helena, he was never a true believer. Many Christian sources write that Constantine received a revelation in 312 before the Battle of Milvian Bridge.Show MoreRelatedComparison Of Roman Emperor Constantine And The Frankish Merovingian King Clovis1136 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategies in which both the Roman Emperor Constantine and the Frankish Merovingian King Clovis used was the driving force of religion. Through faith, one can move mountains; this is exactly was these men did. They used people’s faith to aid them in obtaining authority over land. Throughout this essay I will recollect the Christian religion’s history in order to draw a correlation between the church and the state; moreover, how the forth mentioned men utilized their conversions to Christianity as means ofRead More Greg ory of Tours’ Clovis Conversion to Orthodox Christianity2535 Words   |  11 PagesGregory of Tours’ Clovis Conversion to Orthodox Christianity In The History of the Franks, Gregory of Tours portrayed Clovis as a leader who, although his conversion to Christianity appeared to be genuine, nonetheless, used his conversion to realize his political aspirations. By converting to Christianity, Clovis, according to Gregory of Tours’ narrative, was able to garner the support of Christian leaders such as Saint Remigius and, consequently, gain powerful political allies. MoreoverRead MoreThe Influence Of The Church And The Eastern And Western Factions Of Rome Shaped Modern Day Europe Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pagesto preach the gospel that deviated from the conventional religious worship. Unlike the traditional forms of worship, the new order prescribed liberal methods that angered the conservative ancient Christians. In conjunction with the rulers, the conservative religions persecuted the modern Christians. The church sought protection by aligning itself politically with some of the rulers who guaranteed it safety. In 312 A.D, the emperor Constantine issued the Edict of Milan that lifted the prohibitions againstRead MoreTheology- Church and Sacraments4375 Words   |  18 PagesAll of which I am about to write in this short synthesis is solely taken from the book entitled, â€Å"Church and Sacraments† by Victoria D. Corral, Ed.D. Et al. No other reference was used in the makings. The 12 chosen apostles of Jesus Christ were the first footsteps taken to the creation of the Church, which was born from the Father’s plan in order to continue the mission He had done and that is to proclaim the Kingdom of God. The early Christian community was the beginning of the Church as each apostleRead MoreA World Lit Only by Fire Outline Essay8153 Words   |  33 PagesA World Lit Only by Fire by William Manchester Outline The Medieval Mind I. The Dark Ages A. The Years A.D. 400 to A.D. 1000 1. Referred to as the Dark Ages because knowledge and literacy vanished during this era. 2. Rulers during this age were illiterate and most found it trivial. a. Emperor Sigismund said, â€Å"Ego sum rex Romanus et super grammatica†Ã¢â‚¬â€as king of Rome, he was above grammar. B. Rome’s Fall in the Fifth Century 1. The Hsiung-nu (Huns) ravaged though Europe

Essay on The Romantic Era a.k.a. the Enlightment Era

The romantic era was mostly considered the enlightenment era because it brought change to the way a person would look at nature and themselves. This changed how people imagined things. By the end of the 19th century the romantic era was started. Many artisans took this change to make literature, music, and poetry more emotional and self-embodiment. During this time period artists became famous and inspired many people with their works. Caspar David Friedrich was a famous artist who lived from 1774-1840 in Greifswald, Germany. He was known for painting mediums with watercolors and oils, which is landscape art. Friedrich changed the face of landscape paintings with his intense and emotional focus on nature and became a key member of the†¦show more content†¦Today Friedrich’s work is well respected from the German Romanticism era. He is remembered for his way of changing the style of landscapes and is known as one of the greatest German Romantic Painters. Most of Friedrichs paintings are located in Germany and Switzerland like â€Å"Chalk Cliffs on Rà ¼gen† in the Museum of Oskar Reinhart am Stadtgarten, Switzerland and â€Å"The Sea of Ice† in Kusthalle Hamburg, Germany. Ferdinand Eugene Victor Delacroix changed the art world forever and his technique had a lasting impact on it. Today, he’s r emembered as one of the worlds most famous French Romantic painters and he is accepted by modern day art critics. Many of his paintings can be found in museums or gallery collections around the world. The Literary art in this time period was greatly known for its theme, and content. Like the novelist Herman Melville that put a lot of emotion and feeling into his writings. From these writings in this time period put an understanding of emotion, great feeling, mythology, embodiment and religion. There was clearly a quality to Romantic writing that makes it different from other literary periods. Not every Romantic novelist displayed all, or even most of these traits all the time. Romantic poets showed individualism, more focus to the natural world, idealism, physical and emotional passion, and an interest in the mystic and supernatural. Romantics set themselves to the order of classical artistic precepts to make

During The 1970s, Health Concerns About The Herbicides Brought About G Essay Example For Students

During The 1970s, Health Concerns About The Herbicides Brought About G Essay overnment restrictions that caused a sharp decrease in the manufacture and use of 2,4,5-T. Since 1983, the use of 2,4,5-T has been prohibited in the United States. Many other countries also have ended its use. Of additional concern is a contaminant called dioxin (2,3,7,8,-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, or TCDD), which often forms when 2,4,5-t is manufactured. Of the approximately 75 chemicals in the dioxin family, TCDD is the most toxic. It can cause chlorance, a skin disease, and is suspected to cause some kinds of cancer. The TCDD level in agent orange varied from 0.02 to 54 micrograms per gram of 2,4,5-T. (Cancer 1996)Agent Orange was purchases by the Defense Department to defoliate enemy territory and destroy enemy crops in Vietnam. It was a 50-50 mixture of herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. All of the 2,4,5-T contained dioxin because all of it was made for trichlorophenol cannot be produced without some dioxin being carried along as a by-product.(Gough 1986)There are three occupational groups of people, who may be at risk in exposure to Agent Orange. Who work in manufacturing trichclorophenol can be expressed to dioxin through ?explosions? or ?runaway reactions? or ?events.? When an explosions occurs, the chemicals in the reaction vessels are forced into the workrooms, exposing everyone to fumes, liquids and solid particles containing dioxin. ?Formulators? are workers whose job it is to mix pesticides with other chemicals to make the pesticide easier to apply or ?Stickier? so that it will work better. Agent Orange formulators mixed 2,4,5-T containing dioxin with the other closely related herbicide 2,4-D. The last occupational group to risk exposure to dioxin are ?applicators? who spray to otherwise disseminate Agent Orange, 2,4,5-T or other dioxin contaminated pesticides in the environment. In this country, applicators sprayed 2,4,5-T in forests, croplands, and pastures to control broad-leaf plants. The most famous applicators in history are pilots, air crews, and ground crews of the Air Forces ?Operation Rich Hand? who sprayed millions of pounds of Agent Orange in Vietnam.(Gough 1986)People can also be environmentally exposed to dioxin. Anyone who is near an area sprayed with 2,4,5-T or Agent Orange, risks exposure to dioxin. Environmentally exposed persons received large doses of dioxin. A large but unknown fraction of the 2.8 million Vietnam veterans were exposed to Agent Orange, and considering the amounts of 2,4,5-T used in this country, other thousands or millions have to be exposed here. (Gough 1986)Some environmental exposures are more risky than incidental exposure to sprayings. When trichlorophenol is produced, ?still bottoms,? thick viscous dioxin containing materials, accumulate in the reaction vessels. Periodic cleaning out of still bottoms exposes workers to high concentration of dioxin. In addition, still bottoms themselves present a disposal problem.(Gough 1986)High-temperature incineration of still bottoms or any other waste can completely destroy dioxin, eliminating any risk, but other disposal techniques leave substantial exposure risks. Before society became aware that chemical waste posed potential threats to human health, it was an accepted practice to discard chemical residues, including still bottoms, in waste dumps. Neither the safe disposal method, incineration, nor the unsafe one, dumping, generates any revenue for the company that has still bottoms to dispose of, on the contrary, both cost money. (Gough 1986)An alternative to a manufacturer directly disposing of its wastes was to pay other businesses to haul them off and dispose of them. Sinclair Lewis said of all the Chicago stockyards that they sell everything of the pig but the squeal, and business has to look for sealable items and services. With entrepreneurial spirit, some haulers found a market for still bottoms, which are dense and oily. .ucfa7131208fefeff27650cc7e898b112 , .ucfa7131208fefeff27650cc7e898b112 .postImageUrl , .ucfa7131208fefeff27650cc7e898b112 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucfa7131208fefeff27650cc7e898b112 , .ucfa7131208fefeff27650cc7e898b112:hover , .ucfa7131208fefeff27650cc7e898b112:visited , .ucfa7131208fefeff27650cc7e898b112:active { border:0!important; } .ucfa7131208fefeff27650cc7e898b112 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucfa7131208fefeff27650cc7e898b112 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucfa7131208fefeff27650cc7e898b112:active , .ucfa7131208fefeff27650cc7e898b112:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucfa7131208fefeff27650cc7e898b112 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucfa7131208fefeff27650cc7e898b112 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucfa7131208fefeff27650cc7e898b112 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucfa7131208fefeff27650cc7e898b112 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucfa7131208fefeff27650cc7e898b112:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucfa7131208fefeff27650cc7e898b112 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucfa7131208fefeff27650cc7e898b112 .ucfa7131208fefeff27650cc7e898b112-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucfa7131208fefeff27650cc7e898b112:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Windows 3.0 Essay When mixed with other oily materials, still bottoms were sold and sprayed on dirt roads and the unpaved, ungrassed areas to suppress dust. This inventive manufacture for still bottoms introduced untold amounts of dioxin into the environment. (Gough 1986)The environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that 80-90% of all dioxin ever made in chemical plants ended up in still bottoms. The EPA refuses to estimate the amount of dioxin that was made by manufacturers and provides no information about how much dioxin was in still bottoms or how much of the still bottoms was disposed of by incineration or dumping or used in dust suppression. We do know, however, that still bottoms have wrought havoc. To eliminate exposure to dioxin, the federal government bought Times Beach, Missouri, because the chemical had been sprayed on roads throughout the town as part of a dust suppression program. The Canadian government estimates that over 100 pounds of dioxin lie buried in the Love Canal and more that two tons in Hyde Park Dump near Niagara Falls, New York. No one can deny that these are huge amounts; they can be compared to the total of 368 pounds of dioxin sprayed in Vietnam over a six year period. Unfortunately, we cannot estimate the magnitude of the remaining dioxin waste problem, because there is no record of the amounts of dioxin sprayed for dust suppression or buried in every dump. (Gough 1986)Three problems plague efforts to understand dioxins risk for humans: uncertainty about what dioxin does to human health, uncertainty about who was exposed to dioxin, uncertainty about how much of it anyone was exposed to. Were a person to be standing under an airplane, or beside a truck spraying 2,4,5-T or Agent Orange, he or she would certainly be exposed. Since sunlight degrades dioxin, a person walking through a field the day after it was sprayed, would not be in a substantial risk. (Gough 1986)Farmers, forestry workers, and Vietnam veterans exposed to chlorophenoxy herbicides have been studied to see whether they had a higher incidence of cancer than would be expected. The results of these studies have been conflicting and inconclusive. In 1984, Congress mandated that studies be conducted to determine whether service in Vietnam could be related to adverse health effects. In one study, focused specifically on the health effects f exposure to Agent Orange in Vietnam; and a third study looked at the increased risk, if any, the Vietnam veterans would develop any six specific kinds of cancer. In March 1990, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released the results of the last of its studies. The investigators reported a 50-percent higher incidence of non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL), a cancer of the immune system among the Vietnam veterans than among veterans who did not serve in Vietnam. However, the studies could not show that this increased incidence is related to exposure to Agent Orange. Navy veterans who served on vessels off the coast of Vietnam tended to have a higher rate of NHL than did veterans based on land, and veterans who served in other regions of Heaviest Agent Orange use tended to have a somewhat lower incidence than veterans had an increased incidence than veterans who served in other regions of Vietnam. The CDC could not determine why the Navy veterans had an increased incidence of NHL. No increased incidence was found for the other five cancers in the study( soft tissue and other sarcomas, Hodgkins disease, and nasal, nasopharyngeal, and liver cancers.

Clouds Socrates Unjust Speech free essay sample

Aristophanes’ play, â€Å"clouds†, there is a battle between the â€Å"old† and â€Å"new† way of going out about life. This can be seen through the â€Å"just† and â€Å"unjust† speech, whose argumentative outcomes dictate the way in which society should go about educating its citizens. The â€Å"unjust speech†, which is a heavy logical and manipulative approach to thinking about life (â€Å"new†), seems to subvert the â€Å"just speech†, which appears to rely on moral and mythical justification (â€Å"old†). Pericles, a prominent and influential Politian in Athens, has argued that democracy is the best form of government because it fairly produces the most educated and excellent citizens, through freedom to act as they please, which will eventually shape there soul into a great person (Warner 145). Thus, if citizens are allowed to wonder freely and be tolerated with respect by fellow citizens as Pericles describes, and if Socrates (a Greek philosopher) and the â€Å"thinkry† spread their â€Å"unjust speech† rhetoric, Pericles’s platform for greatness will not make the Athenians the most excellent and educated citizens. In fact it is going to make them into worse people, people who are going to fundamentally question the value of their institution. Ultimately, Aristophanes suggests that democracy cannot work in unison with â€Å"unjust speech†, which undermines Pericles argument that â€Å"unjust speech† should be tolerated under democracy, because â€Å"unjust speech† uses its persuasive power to disassembles the collective wisdom democracy has built and allows the few who understand its power to create an unequal society (West). Aristophanes argues if a democracy is faced with a society of unequal powers then it could transform the democratic system Pericles drew up, where all powers were to be divided equally among citizens, into an oligarchy or tyranny, with the citizens using unjust speech to gain majority power and dictate policy (West). Whenever policies are designed by a few in power they tend not to reflect or benefit those in the larger majority without power. If policies don’t benefit and represent as many people as possible then they are ineffective policies. This educates the citizens of Athens to become one of the elites because policy and power will favor them more then others. Aristophanes doesn’t believe that is the best or fairest form of education. Therefore, unjust speech can’t operate in union with democracy because it turns an egalitarian society into unequal powers and causes ineffective policies to be implemented. Aristophanes is concerned with what kind of government it is and how it’s designed. Pericles address that concern when stating, â€Å"Our constitution is called a democracy because power is in the hands not of a minority but of the whole people† and â€Å"everyone is equal before the law; when it is a question of putting one person before another in positions of public responsibility, what counts is not membership of a particular class, but the actual ability which the man possesses†(Warner 145). Aristophanes undermines this by arguing if what counts is the ability which the man possesses, then unjust speech allows that membership to form through mans ability to manipulate and win arguments, which gives unjust speakers more power then other citizens and they are now unequally advantage against the law and have the power in their hands instead of the majority (West). Pericles also states, â€Å"In public affairs we keep to the law†(Warner 145), Aristophanes argues that citizens capable of unjust speech have the power, the people in power have a stronger voice, the stronger voice makes policies, and thus citizens engaged in unjust speech make the laws (West). The people who make the laws usually do so in a way beneficial to them â€Å"in public affairs†(West). Unjust speech has the power to diminish the collective wisdom the Athenians have built up by pointing out small contradictions and using manipulative reasoning that just speech can’t defend through logic. Just speech can only be defended through the centuries it has successfully survived and through the strong bond each citizen shares with each other (West). Therefore, Aristophanes argues through â€Å"clouds† that unjust speech has the ability to break down collective wisdoms, win arguments, create unequal powers, and ultimately dismantle democracy (West). For example, unjust speech states, â€Å"I quite deny that Justice even exists†(West 902) to which just speech replies â€Å"It does with the gods† (West 904), then unjust speech ask the question â€Å"then why didn’t Zeus perish when he bound his father? To which just speech replies â€Å"give me a basin: to vomit in†(West 907), basically stating if just does exist within the gods then it makes no sense because the gods are not just themselves. In this case unjust found a logical approach to dismiss the presences of just speech. This small contradiction discredits just speech as a whole, aids to the confusion of just speech, and gives power to unjust speech. This result causes just speech to through its cloak to the audience and storm out. Another instance seen where unjust uses its power to discredit just speech is when Strepsiades ask Socrates, â€Å"And who is it that compels them to be borne along? Isn’t it Zeus? †(West 378), to which Socrates replies â€Å"Not in the least. Its ethereal Vortex†(West 380). In this instance, Strepsiades is convinced through logic and science that Zeus doesn’t make it rain by â€Å"pissing through his sieve†(West 373). Eventually this leads Strepsiades to become more ambiguous about his institutions collective wisdom, and once again it aids to more confusion for just and power for unjust speech. In the case of Strepsiades, it leads to utter perplexity, which later causes him to burn down the â€Å"thinkry†. Furthermore, these two examples are analogous with the contemporary Gay Rights movement we see today. Gays not being able to get married stems from religious values (just speech), which say people are only supposed to be with opposite sex. Many Americans have built this into our collective wisdom, especially in the South. However, homosexuals challenge these religious ideologies with logic (unjust speech), which tries to persuade a religious conservative that just because god stated something doesn’t make it true or reasonable. The homosexual community, who may have a point, is challenging and manipulating the conservative wisdom through unjust speech, and if homosexuals win than more power represents their group then before. The result is another tradition (religious conservatives) is weakened, a new identity (Gays married) is formed/strengthen, and the collective wisdom of all citizens under that democracy is now diminished and more segregated. The three examples show how unjust speech has the ability to break down collective wisdom, win arguments, create unequal powers, and ultimately dismantle the democracy Pericles drew up and cause chaos and/or violence. Strepsiades ends up burning down a building and Socrates’ students gain more power, the just speech violently throws its cloak to the audience and storms off leaving unjust speech with more powers, and religious conservatives have heavily protested, some with violence, against homosexuals (the outcome hasn’t been determined so power hasn’t shifted yet). This proves Aristophanes argument that unjust speech undermines democracy by getting citizens to question their government’s collective wisdoms, which has the ability to shift power (West). If enough questions are raised then new paths will be forged and the core bond that once held the state together is now weaken. Aristophanes argues that knowing how the â€Å"Vortex† works or how some other trivial scientific knowledge operates is not what makes a society great, but rather keeping the core identity and wisdom together is how one maintains greatness and keeps democracy alive (West). However, the damage of unjust speech in a democratic society doesn’t stop there. Unjust speech also has the ability to open the window for morally unsound decisions, which have the potential to construct terrible policies. As explained by Aristophanes, unjust speech has the ability to break down collective wisdoms, win arguments, and create unequal powers. The last part is what concerns Aristophanes because unequal powers open the door for political and moral corruption. Whenever policies are designed by a few in power they tend not to reflect or benefit those in the larger population without power. If policies don’t benefit and represent as many people as possible then they are bad policies. For example, when Pheidippides engages in a physical altercation with his father Strepsiades, he employs unjust speech to make his actions appear moral. This is seen when Pheidippides states, â€Å"did you beat me when I was a boy? †(West 1408), to which Strepsiades replies â€Å"Yes, I did; I was well-intentioned†(West 1409), then Pheidippides use the unjust speech by stating â€Å"isn’t it also just for me likewise to be well-intentioned toward you and beat you, since in fact to be well-intentioned is to beat? (West 1410-1412), Pheidippides adds on, â€Å"Old men are children twice†(West 1417), and lastly â€Å"I’ll beat mother too, just as I did you†(West 1443). Pheidippides logically makes sense by basically saying that if Strepsiades, his father, beat him when he was younger in order to discipline and shape his character, wouldn’t it only make sense for Pheidippides to beat his father who is old and undisciplined. Furthermore, Pheidippides argues through unjust speech that when he is done beating his father that he will go on to beat his mother. Morally, Strepsiades and us intuitively understand that beating our father is wrong, and if not our father then beating our mothers is definitely wrong, but it is hard debating it through just speech. It is best explained through the collective wisdom that our institution has handed down over the centuries, which has successfully stood the test of time and deserves to be respected. This is a specific case of unjust speech challenging a societies collective wisdom, then manipulating, winning, and using the argument to gain power, which opens the door for a morally unsound policy that a majority can’t defend against. Another instances where unjust speech was used to manipulate and open the door for a morally unsound policy was Strepsiades convincing the creditors he owes nothing. Strepsiades uses unjust speech to fluster the first creditor by ridiculing him because of his belief in the gods, â€Å"Zeus is laughable to those who know†(West 1241) and for believing in the â€Å"old† reasoning behind the way in which society operates (West 1225-55). Again Strepsiades uses unjust speech with the second creditor by manipulating his new knowledge, â€Å"do you believe that Zeus always rains fresh water on each occasion, or does the sun draw the same water back up from below†¦Then is it just for you not to get your money back if you know nothing of matters aloft? This undermines Athenian values, which clearly have moral rationale but lack transparent logic. The creditors have no real answer for Strepsiades other then it is wrong to not pay back debts for the reasons it is wrong to beat your mother up. Unjust speech has the power to confuse people by breaking down collective wisdom, win arguments, and create unequal powers, which opens the door for a few to create a terrible policy that affects many. The two examples clearly show how unjust speech has the power to undermine just speech. Aristophanes argues, that unjust speech can’t live in unison with democracy because the few who know how to deploy it can gain unfair power and create terrible policies that only reflect the few elite without justly representing the majority who have less power (West). It is evident that Aristophanes prefers to operate with the â€Å"old† system. He clearly sympathizes with the reasoning and moral implications of just speech, and argues that democratic societies need it to be successful. Conversely, unjust speech according to Aristophanes is a systemic threat to anything ruled under democracy. It has the ability to undermine equality and produce ineffective policies. This runs contradictory to Pericles’s argument about democratic characteristics, mainly freedom to have meaningful impact and mans abilities is what counts, which make citizens great and educated people (Warner 145). If unjust speech is abused in democracy, unequal powers are inevitable. However, I think Aristophanes would recognize Pericles’s point, and acknowledge there are issues with the traditional system. A traditional government left unexamined might lose touch with the principles upon which it was established.