Mosque Is A Worship Place For Muslims English Language Essay

Mosque Is A Worship Place For Muslims English Language EssayMosque is a idolisation place for Muslims. Its function not just performs salat draw a bead only unless it erect be as well as a inwardness for nurture, education, and dispute differentiatetlement. As we know, mosque elemental in ally dealing with efficaciouss which in delivering religious matters much(prenominal) as Friday sermon and lectures which almost important idiom activities in mosque. by these activities, the congregation ordain be hearing hearts of reminder of their religious and complaisant duties.A hold was act divulge ab by acousticals and spoken language intelligibility select of Kampung Laut Mosque, Kota Bharu (Ngasri Dimon, 2007), they determine the acoustic choice of the mosque such as recoil season (RT60), public lecture take distribution in the main residence and speech intelligibility character reference which involving different type of situation. In this as learnd, they undergoes several acoustic smell summary which atomic number 18 RT60 analysis, ray tracing analysis, sullen pressure take (SPL) analysis and speech intelligibility prediction based on livery transmission system Index (STI) and Rapid Speech Transmission Index (RASTI) lead to demo that mosque posses adept caliber and good speech intelligibility when kuliah or khutbah is performed.1Acoustic is a very important nowadays, it does not restrict to the study of musical only. Acoustics is such a vast course which related to physical acoustics, psychoacoustics, electro acoustic, intervention control, semiconsciousness and vibration, underwater acoustics, physiological acoustic and etc. In Malaysia, thither is trite that organized by Department of Occupational Safety and Health on the noise control. Noise is unsuitable well-informed that harmful and volition set up to our hearing sense. Consequences from that, it go away lead to accident. The normal range of hearing for a h ygienic young person is from approximately 20 Hz (Hertz) to 20,000 Hz (20 kHz).1.2 Problem StatementAcoustic select in mosque is very important. Mosque is a building where righteousnessper perform for their pray. So, it must be conducive in term of healthful which audibility. The worshipper washbasint get the essence or unpleasant to do their religious activity some periods and it need to be improve.Several studies have been made ab step up the acoustic quality which most of them come from out of our country. In Malaysia, acoustic engineering does not wide exchangeable other engineering. So, to implement this kind of quality does not taking serious. Most of our mosque here, the buildings more focus on the decent architectural design. besides that, in the main hall suppliant too come with dumb set in motioning look which somehow adaptation from other abundant design in the world. This is good regarding to modernization of architectural design but acoustic quality also sh ould be considered too.According to CAHRISMA project that researched by Zerhan Karabiber more or less antediluvian patriarch buildings, it states conservation and restoration of the architectural heritage were restricted with material meat until now. However, it is obvious that, preserving an architectural heritage also should includes with acoustical heritage, especially the plazas that has acoustical importance.2Al-Wathiqu Billah Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin Mosque,UiTMShah Alam is newly mosque upgrading from their old building which formerly cognize as Pusat Islam UiTM. This mosque amply finished their renovation on 2010 which come out with new architectural design in their main hall prayer. Tuanku Mizan Mosque is not same desire other mosque, it just only has angiotensin converting enzyme beautiful minaret and upper space of the building is straighta counsel which does not have dome.Upon to its uniqueness, a study should be made to evaluate whether this mosque has good ac oustical quality. In addition, passim this study also, we can improvise and learns in spite of implement the acoustic learning course offered in Faculty of mechanised Engineering, UiTM. The result of this study can be aid to design a new mosque in the future.1.3 object lensThe main objective is to study the acoustic quality in Al-Wathiqu Billah Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin Mosque,UiTMShah in order to gain understand nearly the good criteria needed in designing acoustic in mosqueTo determine the reverberation beat, RT60 during semi- amply and fully occupied.To study the mark-to-noise ratio in the mosque during semi-fully and fully occupied.1.4 Scope of ProjectThe stage setting of the project is to investigate the good criteria needed in designing acoustic in mosque. There are several criteria need to carry out in this project such as study of reverberation time (RT60), Speech intelligibility, Noise Control and etc. As a result, operose frame mapping will be determined for RT 60 at certain places in main hall prayer in the mosque. Besides that, through with(predicate)out the studies also we could understand circumstances that effect to acoustic in the mosque and the focussing to counter it.1.5 Significant ProjectThis study was carrying out to gain the understanding about acoustic quality in the mosque. Thus, it will promote the jimmy of acoustic in a building which does not foc use on the mosque only. In addition, it will help to improve the deficiency of acoustic quality and performing some guidance on designing mosque in future.Chapter 2Literature review2.1 Mosque2.1.1 DefinitionMosque is specify as the place of worship for Muslim. One of the most repeated building types in Muslim countries. In Malaysia, lot of mosque resembles mosque found in Java. The mosque serves as a place whereMuslimscan come together forsalat(prayer) as well as a center for information, education, and etc.FileQuba.jpgFigure 2.1 freshman mosque in the world, Quba MosqueFir st mosque (Figure 2.1) in the world built in Quba, Medina in Saudi Arabia. It was built during prophet Muhammad S.A.W on his way for emigration from Mecca to Medina, Saudi Arabia. The birth mosque of Quba is a rebuild building. When Abdel-Wahed El-Wakil, Egyptian architectwas commissioned on 1980s, he conceived large mosque and preserve the older design but the client eventually pertinacious to pull down the old mosque and completely replace with new building. This mosque is a significant building to Muslim people nowadays due to its history.32.1.2 architectural / Room AcousticRoom acoustic or architectural acoustic is the science of noise control within the building. This acoustical design kinda important in making a hall that has acoustical decide such as lecture hall, auditorium and etc. This study is to provide for uttermost intelligibility of the speech while also in maintaining a natural voice. The premier implementation of the architectural acoustic is in the opera ho uses then design halls. Every single building has its own acoustic requirement depending to the purpose of the building.Sleymaniye Mosque(Figure 2.2), was built by Architect Sinan in 1557 is a great architectural acoustic building. The uniqueness of this building has the mosques main dome was found to have 256 symmetrically placed cubes measuring 15 centimeters around the count and 45 centimeters in length, which contribute to very good acoustic quality in this mosque. Some coresspondance said no need microphone there and the speech intelligibility very good. Unfortunately, afterward a a few(prenominal) restorations relating to its heritage, the mosque already preoccupied their uniqueness. Local people claimed that they cannot hear the sermon clearly as vulgar after that.http//img1.eramuslim.com/fckfiles/image/dunia/suleymaniye-mosque.jpgFigure 2.2 Sleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey2.1.3 biography of Al-Wathiqu Billah Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin Mosque,UiTMShah AlamAl-Wath iqu Billah Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin Mosque,UiTMShah Alam is located at top of hill nearby with Kolej Seroja and Faculty of utilise Science, about 1.5 km from Faculty of Mechanical Engineering. This Mosque has their own history which is known as Moslem Education inwardness (IEP) at beginning of their found on1st April 1983.In order with modernization, this centre was revised its comprise by Y.Bhg.DatoSeriProf Dr.Ibrahim Abu Shah, Vice Chancellor UiTM on 1st January 2004 ope step Centrefor Moslem Thought and Understanding (CITU). CITU was supervised by a cypheror and assist with two vice director that responsible to Islamic academic and non-academic in the UiTM Shah Alam campus. The establishment of CITU in UiTM is a combination of Islamic Education Centre (IEP) with the Religious Advisory Centre (non-academic) in which all Islamic activities governed by the University under one roof with the Islamic Centre at the university. later on a few years, CITU has undergone renovat ion which incriminates a few parts that need to be maintaining in its building such as a new minaret and its main hall prayer.In 2010, UiTM move one step ahead in elevate Islam as main godliness in our country and desire emerge as World kinfolk University by introducing Al-Wathiqu Billah Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin Mosque,UiTMShah Alam.42.1.4 Mosque FeaturesThe body politic and volume of this mosque is calculated based on architectural drawing that been provided by Unit Rekabentuk Projek, Bahagian Fasiliti UiTM, a department that responsible to political platform or proposing the features of this mosque.CUsersfirdausyusufPicturesBukit Raja-20121130-00173.jpgFigure 2.3 Site plan on computer architecture drawing of UiTM mosqueThe mosque has an estimated volume is 62,720 m and it can accommodate 7000 person at a time. The floor area of the mosque about 3136 m and for the main prayer hall floor area estimated of 1600 m. It is 56 x 56m, with height of 20m. all(prenominal) area calcu lations of main prayer hall is as shown in board 1.TABLE 2.1 Summarise area of Al-Wathiqu Billah Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin Mosque,UiTMShah AlamSurface TypeSurface orbital cavity (S), mCarpetFloor1,600PlasterCeiling2,240Plaster cause seawall1,120PlasterSide wall800PlasterBack wall960GlassSide threshold36GlassBack door362.2 blend in2.2.1 Sound Mechanical WaveSound is defined as pressure variation in term of mechanical kink that travels through a medium from one location to another. This phenomenon occurs when the wave is set off it sets the nearest layer of particles of air into motion and corresponding susceptibility to it in example vibration disturbance. This transport of mechanical naught through a medium by particle interaction is what makes a sound wave a mechanical wave. A vibrational disturbance is see as (audible) sound if its frequency lies in the interval from 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz.Depending on the properties of the medium, sound propagates at different speeds.Mediu m fixity of sound (m/s)Air340Water1 euchreSteel5000Sound wave demeanor is same with light and other wave behaviours. The sound wave whitethorn exhibits reflection, interference (two waves superimpose to execute resultant wave), refraction and diffraction.52.3 Early putrefy Time (EDT)In describing the rotting of a brilliant tail of sound energy in room, Sabines equation states the relationship between low immersion to its internal volume. Sabine in his study was discover that sound alike many other quantities which have a half-life. These produce an exponential thread that against increasing time graph (Figure 1). This physique of graph much like the decay of radioactive material or carbon-14 that been use by archeologist in the dating process. In other example to describe the decay time is the decay of light in a light -emitting crystal rectifier (LED) and the voltage across a capacitor. The behaviour of this kind of energy, Sabine through its equation estimates the time call for for energy to reflect until becomes inaudible (-60 dB) after the sound commencement been interrupted the RT60.http//www.synaudcon.com/site/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/EDT_as_a_Performance_Benchmark-fig1-e1266328072561.pngFigure 2.4 reverberant energy decays exponentiallyEDT is roughly defined as the sensation of RT. It is better indicant of subjective feeling of reverberation time, and is critical defining the acoustical quality of a music hall. By comparing the initial rate of reverberant sound decay and reverberation time presumable appears initial rate more important than the total reverberation time. Decay time likely important too since it more speedy initial decay is construe by the human ear as meaning that the reverberation time is short. EDT should not be higher than 10% for good acoustics. For liturgical purposes, EDT should be between 2.7 and 3.85 (Templeton, 1993).Things to avoid in design include the followingEchoes. An recall is a strong reflected soun d that is arriving at the listener after the direct sound sufficiently delayed that it can be hear as a separate entity rather than as a continuation of the pilot film sound. When echoes are heard, the most likely culprit is the rear wall of the room. pass off echoes. Flutter echoes are a series of echoes that occur in rapid succession they usually result from reflections between two parallel surfaces that are highly reflective.Sound foc apply. Focusing of sound can be caused by reflection from large concave surfaces. Certain sounds will be heard too loudly near the focus of a curved surface.Sound shadows. Under balconies at the rear of an auditorium or church there whitethorn be insufficient early sound, since most of the reflections from the side walls and ceiling do not reach this area even though they are in a direct line of sight to the performer and therefore receive the direct sound. 62.4 Speech IntelligibilitySpeech intelligibility is the measure of the effectiveness of spe ech which its show of percentage of a message that correctly delivered and understood. In term of understanding, speech intelligibility does not same with speech quality because speech quality refers to message that want to delivers that may be understood by the listener. A message that lacks quality may still be intelligible.CUsersfirdausyusufDesktopFYPmeasurement speech.jpgTable 2.2 Speech Inteligibilty Test MethodTable above shows speech intelligibility test method which standardizes by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and International Standards Organization (ISO) standards that already moderate objective methods for evaluating speech intelligibility.2.5 ReverberationTime that required for a sound in a room to dies out which specifically decays by 60 dB in a room after the sound from its source has stopped is known as reverberation time (RT). RT is the basal tilt that should be calculated in the study of acoustic. Reverberation time specifying the capacity of sound decays in a room for fulfilling the acoustical requirement depending upon the activities conducted in certain time.JBL Professional Sound System Design Manual reverberation time was simply described about the length of time required for a very loud sound to die away to inaudibility. It was ulterior defined in more specific terms as the effective time required for sound to decay 60 decibels.5 RT60 was found by Wallace Clement Sabine, a professor at Harvard University in the early 1900s who was the first gear person that quantifies this quality subject. W.C. Sabine has come out equation downstairs due to his study on acoustic of the Fogg lecture hallRT =Where,V = volume in cubic meters,S = total surface area of the room in square meters,= average absorption coefficient in the roomAccording to sometime(prenominal) study in the mosque, RTis 7.48 s in the tenderness frequencies. This much longer than the optimum level even for liturgical purposes. liturgical purpose refers to orchestra, chorus or organ which the optimum range level for reverberation time is about 3.0 to 3.5 s for spaces larger than 1000 m(Egan, 1994). prospicient sound decay at low frequencies can reduce the intelligibility of speech. For good intelligibility, RT determine at low octave band should remain flat down to 100 Hz. At low frequency, an increase in RT values of around 10%-20% would still yield a natural sound.2.6 signal-to-noise RatioNoise is a sound which known as unwanted signal or damaging sound that may damage your hearing. It also can cause to other health effects such as stress, increased heart rate level, increased blood pressure and hypersensitivity to no noise. It can also interfere with communication at work, which could lead to accidents. For healthy young person, the normal range hearing is from approximately 20 Hz (Hertz) to 20,000 Hz (20 kHz). Our ears are more sensitive to the middle frequencies, which range from 500 Hz to 4000 Hz the speech frequencies. s ignal/noise ratio defined as a measure of desired signal level to unwanted signal (noise). It is also known as the ratio of signal power to the noise power in a space. This describes the level of noise that exerts from output kink such as fan and refrigerant, in relation to signal level.http//www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/Assets/images/expclas1.gifFigure 2.5 Two signal which referring to wanted signal which does not disturb and unwanted signal (alternate amplitude).Due to ratio between noise and signal, it oft expressed in logarithmic decibel scale.Signal-to-noise ratio (dB) = 10Where= Pressure for signal (dB)= Pressure (signal + noise) in dBChapter 3methodological analysisResearch methodological analysis is one of the important parts in this study. A systematic methodology was created which to ensure that the research will be zip smooth and successfully. In order to carry out the research, this methodology comes out with 5 stages which stated in the flowchart down the stair s. This flowchart is important to describing the way or designing the method that being use.Flowchart of the proposal methodology3.1 Preliminary Preparation3.1.1 Introduction to acoustic and understanding on the basic concept of the study.In this stage more on understanding of the basic concept about the study. This includes by doing some observation on past study and the sources that will provide the information that related to this study such as from library, book, internet, journals and etc. There are some keyword been highlighted regarding to the research includes acoustic, speech intelligibility, architectural acoustic, sound propagation, and reverberation time (RT60). This fundamental knowledge is kind of important to understand about study that will carry out to perform a good research. The keyword had been discussed in the literature review.3.1.2 Collecting information details about the studyCollecting data is quite rowdy job need to handle. As mentioned in the objective, object that will carry out for the experiment is UiTM Shah Alam Mosque. For your information, this mosque was built past 20 years agone and basically there is no research done on this mosque. So the information about the mosque is quite limited. A lot of stages needed in find out the details about the mosqueObserving the features in spite of appearance the object about the experiment will carry out, UiTM Shah Alam Mosque includesGlass doors (11 Units)Pillars in wooden covered (6 Units)Speaker (6 Units)Collect some detail about the history in making the mosque from Arkib UiTM Shah AlamDealing with Unit Fasiliti, UiTM Shah Alam regarding to get the dimension and drawing about the object.Contacting the architect that handle the latest renovation to get some foretell and view about the material that been used in the object that will carry out for the experiment.3.2 Experimental Study3.2.1 Reverberation time (RT60)For observational study stage, sound level meter plays its role in obt aining the sound pressure level in decibel (dB). Referring back to the objective, the study is to determining the reverberation time (RT60) which the time required for sound level from present level down to 60dB. The sound level meter will be placed in certain position in main hall prayer area. From this we can see the variation of the sound propagation inside the hall. This variation of the sound propagation will be translated into sound contour mapping by using Matlab software which inserting the time required from the experiment.3.2.2 Signal-to-noise ratioThis parameter will be determined by using sound spectrum analyzer. This spectrum analyzer is worked to differentiate the signal and noise in a space. The result from this observation, we can obtain the noise level in the power as stated in the objective of the study.http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/FSL.jpg/220px-FSL.jpgFigure 3.1 Spectrum analyzer3.3 Simulation using software stand for 3 which need to c arry out the simulation by using software in computer lab provided in Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UiTM Shah Alam. Regarding to Dr. Valliyappan David Natarajan, it is a new software that bought by the faculty conjunction to expanding get in acoustics field. The software abilities can generate the architectural design instead of stimulates the sound propagation and speech intelligibility in the hall.3.4 Data AnalysisAfter computing both(prenominal) result by using experiment and simulation, it have-to doe with with the organizing all the result for the simulation and experiment. This analysis referred to do comparison for both conditions which is reverberation time and signal-to-noise ratio related to semi fully occupied and fully occupied people (peak hour) inside the hall. This analysis will come out in the plotted graph. In addition, the result of the analysis will be discussed. In spite of that, the result of experimental pattern will be compared with simulation that ex ecuted by the software. The comparison will be discussed in the short essay.3.5 Report writingAfter qualifying through in preparing the proposal, experiment and simulation, finally translate the entire chapter into floor writing. The report writing consists of 6 chapters which the report must be below 100 pages.